The image in the view shows lateral view of the knee joint. The xray shows fracture of patella bone. Patella is the bome that is present on anterior aspect of knee.
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Xray of Fracture Patella
February 29, 2008 By Leave a Comment
Pseudoachondroplastic Spondyloepiphysial Dysplasis or Mucopolysaccharidosis VI
February 28, 2008 By Leave a Comment
This condition was reported by Maroteaux & Lamy in 1959. It is one of the most common dwarfisms encountered by the orthopaedic surgeon, possibly because of its liability to multiple deformities.
Inheritance is generally autosomal dominant. [Read more...]
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A Look Into Extracellular Matrix of Normal Joint Cartilage
February 28, 2008 By Leave a Comment
Osteoarthritis results from changes in joint cartilage and its matrix. To label it abnormal we must first understand what we call as normal.
Normal articular cartilage is composed of two major macromolecular species-
- Proteoglycans (PGs), which are responsible for the compressive stiffness of the tissue and its ability to withstand load,
- Collagen, which provides tensile strength and resistance to shear.
Cartilage also contains a family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including stromelysin, collagenase, and gelatinase, which can degrade all the components of the extracellular matrix at neutral pH. [Read more...]
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Dysplasia Spondyloepophysialis Congenita
February 28, 2008 By Leave a Comment
The characteristics of this condition are of a short-trunk type of dwarfism with involvement of the spine and limb epiphyses, particularly the proximal ones.
The radiological changes can be identified at birth, though the child may not always be diagnosed clinically at birth.
Clinical Features
Dwarfism is present both in the trunk and limbs. Facial abnormalities such as hypertelorism and high-arched palate may be seen and the neck is short. There may be metatarsus adductus.There is muscle weakness and delay in walking and, when child begins to walk, he waddles with an exaggerated lumbar lordosis. [Read more...]
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Mucopolysaccharidosis IV or Morquio Syndrome
February 27, 2008 By 1 Comment
Morquio syndrome is a familial variety of osseous dystrophy involving bones developed from cartilage that result in dwarfism, spine deformity and joint deformities with typical radiological changes in the vertebral bodies and limb bones but without the hepatosplenomegaly and mental deterioration seen in Hurler’s syndrome and without early corneal changes.
Inheritance is autosomal recessive.
Clinical Features
At birth there is little or no abnormality to be found. The first symptoms usually appear at about the time of weight bearing. The most common presenting feature is short trunk and thoracolumbar kyphosis. As the time passes deformities develop in all the limbs
Dwarfing is marked and growth in height cases by the age of 10 years. [Read more...]
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Why Does Osteoarthritis Occur-A Look Into Pathophysiology
February 23, 2008 By Leave a Comment
Osteoarthritis is a disease of joints, particularly the cartilage of the joints. The main load on articular cartilage, the major target tissue in OA is produce by contraction of the muscles that stabilize or move the joint.
Although cartilage is an excellent shock absorbers, at most sites it is only 1 to 2 mm thick too thin to serve as the sole shock absorbing structure in the joint. However, additional protective mechanisms are provided by subchondral bone and muscles around the joint. [Read more...]
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What Are The Risk Factors of Osteoarthritis
February 23, 2008 By Leave a Comment
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents failure of a diarthrodial (movable, synovial lined) joint. It is also called, somewhat erroneously, degenrative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is of two types
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Hunter Syndrome II B-Mild Type
February 22, 2008 By Leave a Comment
A mild, and probably distinct form of Hunter’s syndrome has been recognized in which there are much less severe bone and joint deformities, no significant mental retardation and longevity compatible with life up to 50 years.
The child may present first to he orthopaedic surgeon in mid-childhood with knock-knee deformity. Clinical examination shows limited movements at the hips, knees, elbows and shoulders and, short fingers with limited flexion but no spine deformity and little or no decrease in height. [Read more...]
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Xray of Operated Fracture Lateral Condyle In A Child
February 21, 2008 By 2 Comments
The image today is an Xray of operated fracture lateral condyle, done immediately after surgery. [Read more...]
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Hunter Syndrome-Type A
February 21, 2008 By Leave a Comment
In this type of mucopolysaccharidosis, the condition is sex-linked, and, therefore, it is always a male who inherits the disease from his mother, either through a mutation in her X-chromosome or through an abnormal X-chromosome inherited by her from an earlier generation.
The skeletal features of dwarfism and joint deformities are similar to those of mucopolysaccharidosis I-H (Hurler’s Syndrome) but less marked. Spine deformity is less marked and acute kyphosis does not usually develop. [Read more...]
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