Orthopedic Care and Consultation
Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor that consists of osteblastic mass called a nidus that is surrounded by a distinct zone of reactive bone sclerosis. The zone of sclerosis represents a secondary reversible change that gradually disappears after the removal of the nidus.
The nidus tissue has a limited local growth potential and usually is less than 1 cm in diameter. [Read more...]
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Common variants in a gene called LRP5 affect bone density and the risk of developing osteoporosis, according to a new study.
However, the impact of these variants on risk is modest. [Read more...]
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This is abrief article about various substances that are expressed in the body and are used as tumour markers too.
Epithelial Markers
Keratins are the markers most frequently used in the identification of epithelial phenotypes.
Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)
EMA represents a membrane glucoprotein that is most likely similar or identifical to the casein fraction of human milk. It is expressed by virtually all epithelial cells and neoplasm of epithelial origin. It is also expressed on a wide range of tumors of mesenchymal origin and even on some lymphomas. [Read more...]
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Following image shows an xray of right shoulder with humerus showing firbrous dysplasia. The xray is of a young girl, 23 years old who presented with pain in right arm for about one year.
The xray shows a large lytic lesion that is extending from just below shoulder joint to middle of the humerus. Multiple septae are visible and outer cortical rim of the bone is maintained, suggesting a benign pathology.
Popularity: 5% [?]
Intermediate filaments are ubiquitous cytoplasmic structures that are about 10 nm thick. They have a uniform appearance and represent a nonbranching, fine filamentous, cytoplasmic material.
On the basis of their chemical compositionthey can be separated into five major groups: vimentin, keratins, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilaments.
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Immunohistochemistry has become a generally accepted and widely used auxiliary method of diagnostic pathology, including the pathology of bone tumors and tumor like lesions.
This method has emerged as a diagnostically useful technique because of the development of highly specific antibodies and the invention of sensitive immune and enzymatic detection systems. The fluorescence detection methods are more often used in investigative studies and are rarely sued in diagnostic pathology. [Read more...]
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Histomorphometry represents a microscopic planimetry or stereology. It is used to study homeostasis of the skeleton, mainly in metabolic disorders of bone. The technique is occasionally used to evaluate the skeletal status and treatment effect of rickets and osteomalacia associated with tumors.
For histomorphometry, undecalcified bone sections stained with techniques that enable the visualization of calcified and uncalcified osteoid such as von Kossa’s or Goldner’s (modified trichrome) stains are used. Another frequently used technique is tetracycline-pulse labeling for epifluorescence. [Read more...]
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Cytophotometry, or image analysis, is conceptually similar to flow cytometery but requires a different preparations of cells for the measurements. The principle of this technique is the measurement of the optical density of cells in histological section or, even better, of whole cells spread in histological section or, even better, of whole cells spread on the glass. [Read more...]
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Glucosamine sulfate, a popular dietary supplement purported to ease the pain and inflammation of arthritis, does not seem to help people with arthritis in their hips.
That’s the conclusion of a study that compared the use of glucosamine to a placebo for the treatment of mild to moderate hip arthritis. [Read more...]
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A compound called strontium ranelate may reduce back pain in women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis of the spine, according to new study. The compound may also delay progression of spinal osteoarthritis. [Read more...]
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