Orthopedic Care and Consultation
After C,H,O and N, Calcium is the most abundant body constituent, making up about 2 percent of body weihgt: 1-5 kg in an adult. Over 99% of this is stored in bones, the rest being distributed in plasma and all tissues and cells. [Read more...]
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Admantinoma is a rare primary tumour of long bones was so named because of its resemblance to ameloblastoma (adamantinoma) of the mandible.
Localization
The lesion has a strong predilection for the tibia in about 90 percent of cases. It has been found in other long bones, such as the ulna, humerus, femur,fibula, and capitate.
Multifocal involvement of the tibia and fibula has been reported; in one patients in addition to the tibia and fibula the femur was also affected. [Read more...]
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In Psoriatic arthritis, there are few laboratory abnormalities. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates, C-reactive proteins and complement levels reflect inflammation. Rheumatoid factors are uncommon and are more likely to be observed in those with symmetric arthritis. Immunoglobulin levels, especially IgA levels, may be elevated.
Uric acid levels may be elevated; sodium urate crystals in joint fluids suggest gout.
Radiologic investigation reveals findings similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis, soft tissue swelling, loss of the cartilage space, erosions, bony ankylosis of fingers, subluxations, and subchondral cysts. There is less demineralization.
Following features if present are suggestive of psoriatic arthritis
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Psoriatic arthritis is chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects 5 to 42 percent of people with psoriasis.As of now, the cause and pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis are unknown. There are indirect evidence that infections, trauma, increased cellular immunity to streptococci, decreased suppressor cell activation, immune complexes, complement activation, adhesion molecules, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and abnormal fibroblast and polyamorphonuclear leukocyte function may play a role. [Read more...]
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Fungi are an unusual and rare cause of chronic monarticular arthritis. Granulomatous articular infection with the endemic dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Histoplasma capsulatum results from hematogenous seeding or direct extension from bony lesions in persons with disseminated disease.
A normal person is quite resistant to fungal infection. Fungal infection occurs when immunity of the person is low due to some reason [Read more...]
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Tuberculous arthritis accounts for about 1 percent of all cases of tuberculosis and for 10 percent of extrapulmonary cases. The most common presentation is chronic granulomatous monarthritis. An unusual syndrome, Poncet’s disease, is a reactive symmetric form of polyarthritis that affects persons with visceral or disseminated tuberculosis.
No mycobacteria are found in the joints, and symptoms resolve with antituberculous therapy. [Read more...]
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This image shows a 9 months old baby with unequal limbs.
Author’s Note
Limb length inequality or limb length discrepancy can result from various factors that affect the growth of limbs. [Read more...]
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Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi causes arthritis in up to 70 percent of persons who are not treated. The spirochete is inoculated by the Ixodes tick.
The patient experiences intermittent arthralgias and myalgias, but not arthritis, occur within days or weeks of inoculation of the spirochete. Later, there are three patterns of joint disease: [Read more...]
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Gonococcal bacteria, that cause sexually transmited disease, Gonorrhoea cna also result in infection of the joint. Gonococcal arthritis account for 70 percent of episodes of infectious arthritis in persons under 40 years of age.
The infection typically results from bacteremia arising from gonoccoccal infection which may be asymptomatic and unnoticed.
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