You are here: Home / 2008 / Archives for April 2008

Symphalangism-Failure Of Separation Of The Digits

April 30, 2008 By Leave a Comment

Symphalangism is failure of separation of the digits in which there is fusion of one phalanx to another within the same digit.

This congenital malformation is in the general category of failure of differentiation of parts. It may occur as a simple isolated malformation or it may be associated with other deformities of the hands or feet, and it may also occur in numerous congenital syndromes such as Apert’s, Poland and Mobius syndrome.

Symphalangism is usually inherited as dominant trait.

It is most frequently found in Caucasians, occasionally in Orientals, and hardly ever in blacks. [Read more...]

Popularity: 1% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , ,

Polydactyly-Duplication of the Thumbs and Fingers

April 30, 2008 By 17 Comments

Preaxial Polydactyly

Preaxial polydactyly or extra thumbs are the common, occurring incidence of the deformity is 0.08 per 1000.

It rangesfrom a small fleshly webbing on the radial border of the hand to triplication. There are seven types of duplicate thumbs. [Read more...]

Popularity: 1% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , , , ,

Floating Thumb

April 29, 2008 By 12 Comments

This anomaly is characterized by a hypoplastic thumb with a nail and two phalanges but the metacarpal partially or entirely absent. Its extrinsic tendons are absent, and functionally the thumb is useless.

Treatment consists of ablation of the vestigial thumb and pollicization of the index finger. There may be associated neurovascular anomalies, such as a neural ring encircling the common digital artery. [Read more...]

Popularity: 1% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , , , ,

Congenital Longitudinal Deficiency of Hypoplastic Thumb

April 29, 2008 By Leave a Comment

Congenital absence or hypoplasia of the thumb is often associated with congenital longitudinal deficiency of the radius. The spectrum of the defect varies from simple hypoplasia and miniature thumb to total absence of the thumb.

Hypoplastic Thumb

In the normal hand, the tip of the thumb reaches to the middle of the proximal phalanx of the index finger. When the thumb is shorter than this it can be classified as hypoplastic.

It is crucial to rule out associated abnormalities because often this malformation is a manifestation of a syndrome. [Read more...]

Popularity: 1% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , ,

Triphalangeal Thumb

April 28, 2008 By Leave a Comment

In the normal human hand the thumb has two phalanges; the triphalangeal thumb contains three palanages instead of the normal two.

The triphalangeal thumb may be an isolated anomaly without duplication.

It occurs in about one per 25,000 births, constituting the second most common type of thumb duplication. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

There is no sex predilection. In about 87 percent of the cases involvement is bilateral.

The thumb of the contralateral hand may be normal, absent, or duplicated.

Triphalangeal thumb may be part of a generalized syndrome . [Read more...]

Popularity: 2% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , , ,

Acrocephalosyndactylism or Apert Syndrome

April 28, 2008 By Leave a Comment

Apert Syndrome First described as a syndrome by Apert in 1906 this anomaly primarily affects the head, hands, and feet and is characterized by synostosis of the cranial sutures and varying degrees of complex syndactyly of the hands and feet.

The condition is very rare, probably occurring in one in 200,000 births.

Its etiology is not known. It is, a genetic disturbance with a strong dominant inheritance; sporadic cases due to mutation do occur. [Read more...]

Popularity: 3% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , , ,

Syndactyly of The Hand

April 27, 2008 By 1 Comment

Syndactyly is fusion of two digits and occurs due to failure of differentiation between adjacent digits. Syndactyly is the most common congenital anomaly of the hand, occurring once in every 2000 births. Involvement is bilateral and symmetrical in about 50 percent of cases.

Syndactyly occurs in all fingers. An incidence of occurrence in decreasing order of frequency is given below

  • Between the middle and ring fingers (57 percent)
  • Lttle and ring fingers (27 percent)
  • Middle and index fingers (14 percent)
  • Thumb and index fingers (3 percent)

Males are affected twice as often as females. [Read more...]

Popularity: 1% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , , , ,

Ulnar Dimelia

April 26, 2008 By Leave a Comment

In this rare congenital deformity, the radial ray, i.e., the radius, scaphoid, trapqzium, first metacarpal, and the phalanges of the thumb are absent. The ulna is duplicated, and there are seven or eight fingers in the hand.

At the elbow the olecranon fossae face each other.

The abnormality may be associated with duplication of the feet. Ulnar dimelia is usually not hereditary. [Read more...]

Popularity: 1% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , , , , ,

Congenital Dislocation of The Radial Head

April 26, 2008 By 79 Comments

Congenital dislocation of the radial head was described by McFarland. The direction of the displacement of the radial head may be anterior or posterior or lateral.

Condition is often unilateral.

The abnormality is usually not detected at birth, but is diagnosed later on in childhood when the elbow is examined following some minor injury.

Usually the elbows are asymptomatic. A complaint of stiffness may be reason of visit to physician in some cases. [Read more...]

Popularity: 4% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , , , , ,

Congenital High Scapula-Sprengel Deformity

April 25, 2008 By 6 Comments

In intrauterine life, the scapula initially appears as a cervical appendage and descends down as the foetus grows. When it fails to descend from the neck to its usual location it results in elevated scapula, known commonly as Sprengel’s deformity.

Sprengel’s deformity almost always occurs sporadically but in some patients, Sprengel’s deformity has an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

The affected scapula in Sprengel’s deformity is abnormally high. It is small, with a smaller vertical diameter and an apparently greater width.

Its shape is distorted, its supraspinous portion tilted forward to fit the convexity of the upper thorax.

There may be a prolongation or broadening of the superior median angle or the upper third of the median border of the scapula to the spinous process, lamina, or transverse process of one of the lower cervical vertebrae (fourth to seventh). [Read more...]

Popularity: 2% [?]

Filed Under: Pediatric Disorders Tagged With: , , ,
« Older Posts