Word Arthritis is formed by arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation. In plural this is called arthritides.
The term implies the full spectrum of diseases causing inflammation in joints. Arthritis is a major cause of disability of most of world population. Approximately 50 years ago, only a handful of causes of arthritis were identified.
Now this list has expanded to which have expanded to more than hundred causes. Despite the tremendous advances in diagnosis and treatment of patients, we still are scratching the surface.
The arthritis could occur as primary disease as in osteoarthritis or it may occur following some other disease such as infection. Former is called primary arthritis and latter is secondary arthritis.
Following are common causes of primary or secondary osteoarthritis.
Primary Arthritis:
* Osteoarthritis
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Septic arthritis
* Gout and pseudogout
* Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
* Still’s disease
* Ankylosing spondylitis
Secondary Arthritis:
* Lupus erythematosus
* Henoch-Schönlein purpura
* Psoriatic arthritis
* Reactive arthritis
* Haemochromatosis
* Hepatitis
* Wegener’s granulomatosis (and many other vasculitis syndromes)
* Lyme disease
* Familial Mediterranean fever
* Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever
* Inflammatory bowel disease.
The impact of arthritis is enormous.
As such musculoskeletal diseases account for more than 40% of all patients referred for vocational rehabilitation.
Arthritis is the second most frequent cause of outpatient complaints.
Pain is most frequent complaint in arthritides. Patterns of pain differ among the arthritides and the location. The treatment involves physical and occupational therapy, lifestyle changes, and medications. Arthroplasty may be required in advanced cases.
The number of days of work lost annually as a result of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis is bewildering.
As they will not die of it, so people with arthritis must live with their disease.
The most difficult problems that patients with arthritis and their families face is accepting that the disease is chronic, with little likelihood of spontaneous remission.
Accurate diagnosis and early appropriate comprehensive management are critical.
Although arthritis has many causes, the common final outcome is deterioration of joint surfaces and progressive loss of joint function. The cause determines the clinical characteristics and the rate of deterioration for a given arthritic condition.
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About Dr Ajay Pal Singh
