Autogenous Grafts
Also called autograft. This graft comes from patient’s own body.The grafts usually are removed from the tibia, fibula, or ilium. These three bones provide cortical grafts, whole bone transplants, and cancellous bone.
Disadvantages to the use of the tibia as a donor area include the following:
- Morbidity of the patient is increased.
- Removal of the graft adds to the duration and magnitude of the procedure.
For these reasons, structural autografts from the tibia are now rarely used.
The entire proximal two thirds of the fibula can be removed without disabling the leg.
The middle one third of the fibula also can be used as a vascularized free autograft based on the peroneal arter
Portions of iliac crest also can be used as free vascularized autograft. The use of free vascularized autografts has limited indications.
Isograft
Isograft is obtained from identical twin.
Allogenic Grafts
An allogenic graft or allograft or homograft is a graft obtained from an individual other than the patient. Allografts need bone banks for their harvest and preservation.
Depending upon the method of preservation, they can be either freeze dried or deep frozen
Heterografts
Also called xenograft.
Bone from another species, was tried early in the development of bone grafting and was almost always found to be unsatisfactory. These grafts often incited an undesirable foreign body reaction. Consistently satisfactory heterogeneous graft material still is not commercially available, and its use is not recommended.
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