Orthopedic Care and Consultation
A rrocker bottom shoe is a shoe which has a thicker-than-normal sole with rounded heel to ensure the wearer does not have flat footing along the proximal-distal axis of the foot. Other terms for this shoe are round bottom shoes, rounded sole shoes and toning shoes.
Rocker Bottom Shoe
Uses
Rocker Bottom Shoes should be worn when advised by your doctor.
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Risser sign is a radiographic sign that is used to assess skeletal maturity. The sign was described by Joseph Risser in 1958. Risser observed that as the growth plate on top of the pelvis (iliac apophysis) completed growing, it changed from cartilage to bone. Normally, the apophysis is not visible on xray as it is cartilaginous in nature.
As it ossifies, the part that gets ossified is visible on xray and based on this visibility, the Risser sign is of following types [See image for correlation] [Read more...]
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Phalanges are the bones that form the fingers and toes.
Phalanges are of three types
Distal phalanges
These form tips of the fingers and toes. These articulate with middle phalanges on their respective digits.
Proximal phalanges
These articulate with metacarpal heads of the hand in foot with metatarsal head.
Middle or Intermediate phalanges
These phalanges are between the distal and proximal phalanges. [Read more...]
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Osteosynthesis is the term used for the reduction and fixation of a bone fracture and fixing them with rigid implants. Thus it points to a surgical procedure. Osteosynthesis aim to bring the fractured bone ends together and immobilize the fracture site while healing takes place.
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A pain diagram is drawn by patient to assit the physician in understanding the nature of his pain. In this, the patient is provided with charts having human body diagrams. The diagrams show human body from front, back and sides. If a particular area is to be studied in detailed, a magnified diagram of the area can be provided.
The patient marks following things-
A pain diagram enables the physician to assess the patient condition better.
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The meninges is the system of membranes which envelops the central nervous system. The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.
The pia mater is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
It is thin and mesh like and It supplies blood to the superficial areas of the cortex and supports larger blood vessels passing over the surface of the brain. The pia mater is anchored to the brain by the processes of astrocytes. It joins with the ependyma which lines the cerebral ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid.
In the spinal cord, the pia mater attaches to the dura mater by denticulate ligaments that pass through the arachnoid mater.
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Sometimes, the patient might have significant psychological motivators for reporting of symptoms. These motivators have been divided into secondaryand primarygain.
A primary gaproduces positive internal motivations.
If a patient feels guilty about being unable to perform some task and if could justify it by some medical condition, he might not feel so bad.
Primary gain is most dramatically demonstrated in conversion disorder. The gain may not be particularly evident to an outside observer.
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The palmar aponeurosis 0r palmar fascia is the fascia that invests the muscles of the palm. It consists of central, lateral, and medial portions.
The central portion occupies the middle of the palm, is triangular in shape, and of great strength and thickness.
The lateral and medial portions of the palmar aponeurosis are thin, fibrous layers, which cover, on the radial side, the muscles of the ball of the thumb, and, on the ulnar side, the muscles of the little finger.
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