Xray of Fracture Of Distal Radius

Lateral View of wrist showing distal radius fracture.

Fracture of Distal Radius

Fracture of Distal Radius

It might be difficult to appreciate on this view but the fracture has intra-articular extension as well.

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Injuries of Distal Radius and Ulna Other Than Distal Radius Fracture

Other injuries around the wrist injuries with fracture of distal radius are

  • Radial styloid fractures
  • Isolated volar lip fractures
  • Isolated volar lip fractures
  • Ulnar styloid fractures

Each of this injury indicates a high energy injury to the wrist.

Radial Styloid Fractures

These fractures are associated  scapholunate ligament injuries. Treatment  should include stabilization of the radial styloid with a cannulated screw or K-wires may be used to stabilize the fracture. [Read more...]

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Operative Treatment In Distal Radius Fractures

When patient of distal radius fracture is a candidate for operative treatment, there are many surgical options to consider depending on injury and patient characteristics.

The optimal timing of the surgical intervention depends on the associated soft tissue factors and the type of surgical procedure

When fracture is acute, the fracture should be reduced by closed reduction and the surgery should be carriedwhen the swelling is sufficiently reduced. In case of minimal swelling, the surgery can be done immediately.

For arthroscopically assisted reduction and stabilization,  the operative treatment is delayed for at least 3 to 5 days.

Following surgical options can be considered  in surgical treatment of distal radius fracture [Read more...]

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Indications For Operative Treatment In Distal End Radius Fractures

Following are the indications for surgical treatment of distal radius fractures.

- Comminuted displaced intra-articular fracture
- Open fractures
- Associated carpal fractures
- Associated neurovascular injury or tendon injury
- Failed conservative treatment
- Bilateral fractures
- Impaired opposite limb

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Non Operative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures

For years distal radius fractures had been managed by closed reduction and cast application. However, the paradigm has changed with better understanding of distal radius anatomy and better gadgets.

Now the treatment with closed reduction and cast immobilization is indicated in
1. Stable fractures in which the the goals of treatment can be expected to be achieved.

2. Patients with low functional demands.

Stable Fractures

Stable fractures can be considered for non operative treatment depending on fracture type and and patient.

There is no particular criteria as to  which fracture is to be considered stable and which not but following things needs to be considered. These factors have been associated with redisplacement after cast immobilization

  • A fracture combined with ligamentous injury is an unstable fracture
  • Greater initial displacement of the fracture
  • Elderly age
  • Metaphyseal comminution
  • Displacement after closed treatment

Patient Demands

If the patient has a low functional demand he or she may not choose to undergo surgery though recent studies have suggested better outcomes of surgery in active elderly patients.

The decision therefore must also consider  physical demands, health status, independent lifestyle, vocation, , and other comorbid conditions.

Technique of Closed Reduction of Distal Radius Fracture

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Anatomical Considerations In Treatment Of Distal Radius Fractures

The distal radius is made up of metaphysis and  three articular surfaces

  • Laterally the scaphoid facet
  • Medially, the lunate facet
  • Sigmoid notch for distal radio ulnar joint

The ulna plays an important part of the ligamentous integrity of the DRUJ and TFCC.

The metaphysis is flared distally in both the AP and the lateral planes.

There is a thin cortical bone on dorsal and radial aspect making the fractures typically collapse dorsoradially. [Read more...]

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Sauve Kapandji Procedure

Sauve Kapandji procedure involves removal of about 10 mm of ulna proximal to distal radio ulnar joint and fixing teh distal fragment of ulna to radius by means of screw. This aims at creating a new joint at teh level where ulna is cut and serves two purposes The procedure unloads the ulnar bone so that more force is transmitted to the radius instead of the triangular fibrocartilage and at the same time provides a distal stabilization.

The image below illustrates the point. [Read more...]

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Radial Length In Distal End Radius

It is also called radial height.

Radial length is measured on the postreoanterior radiograph.

It is measured as the distance between following two lines.

First line is drawn perpendicular to the long axis of the radius passing through the distal tip of the radial styloid.

Second line is along the articular surface of radius.

The average value of this measurement averages 10-13 mm.

http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/images/477754a4cbaf0radial-height.jpg

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Radial Inclination

Radial inclination is also termed as radial angle.

This measurement is taken in posteroanterior radiograph of the wrist.

Radial inclination represents the angle between one line connecting the radial styloid tip and the ulnar aspect of the distal radius and a second line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the radius.

Radial Inclination

Radial Inclination

The radial inclination ranges between 21° and 25°.

Radial inclination value would change in  fractures of articular surface.

Loss of radial inclination will increase the load across the lunate.

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Palmar Tilt of Distal Radius

Palmar Tilt represents the angle between a line joining the dorsal and volar margins of the articular surface and the long axis of the radius on a lateral xray.

Palmar TIlt of Distal Radius

Palmar TIlt of Distal Radius

It is also called Volar Angle or Radial Tilt.

The normal palmar tilt averages 11° and has a range of 2°-20°.

It is an important parameter in treatment of distal radius fractures.

Image Credit
http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/476a23436683b

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