Xray of C3 Cervical spine vertebra over C4
dislocation C3 Vertebra Over C4
The vertebrae have been numbered for easier understanding.
T2 Weighted Image Of Dislocation of C6 Vertebra Over C7
January 17, 2012 by 2 Comments
T2 weighted MRI images of patient with dislocation of C6 over C7 vertebra.
MRI Dislocation of Cevical Spine C6 Over C7 Showing Compression Of The Cord
Associated cord injury and compression is visible.
XRay and MRI Pictures Of Cervical Spine C4-C5 Level Dislocation
January 5, 2012 by Leave a Comment
Xray and MRI pictures of dislocation of C4 vertebra over C5. Here is the lateral view of injured spine on xray
Xray showing Cervical Diislocation C4 Over C5 Vertebra
MRI shows the dislocation and a disc compressing on the cord as well. [Read more...]
Watanabe Atlantoaxial Instability Index
October 9, 2011 by Leave a Comment
Watanabe instability index is measured from lateral flexion and extension radiographs.
Minimum and maximum distances are measured from the posterior border of the C2 body to the posterior arc of the atlas.
The instability index is calculated by the following equation:
Instability index = maximum distance ? minimum distance + maximum distance × 100(%)
If the instability index is more than 40% the patient is very likely to have neurological symptom
Development and Blood Supply Of Odontoid
October 9, 2011 by Leave a Comment
The odontoid is derived from mesenchyme of the first cervical vertebra. During development, it becomes separated from the atlas and fuses with the axis.
The apex, or tip, of the odontoid is derived from the most caudal occipital sclerotome, or proatlas.
This separate ossification center is called ossiculum terminale, appears at age 3 years and fuses by age 12 years.
Blood Supply Of Odontoid
Vertebral and carotid arteries form the main source of blood supply to odontoid. Anterior ascending artery and posterior ascending artery are branches of vertebral artery beginning at the level of C3. They ascend anterior and posterior to the odontoid and meet superiorly to form an apical arcade.
Cleft perforators come fron of the extracranial internal carotid artery and supply the superior portion of the odontoid.
Intervertebral Disc Calcifiction
September 29, 2011 by Leave a Comment
Calcification of intervertebral discs is not uncommon in adults but it is rare in children. It was first described by Baron in 1924 and since that time more than 100 cases have been reported.
Intervertebral disc calcification is more common in boys than girls and usual age of presentation is 8-13 years.
It is most common in the cervical spine. When it occurs in cervical spine, it causes symptoms. Otherwise lesions have been detected in the thoracic spine in patients without any symptom.
Etiology
Not known
Pathophysiology
Calcification of the nucleus pulposus occurs and the annular ligament is spared. The calcified nucleus pulposus may herniate anteriorly into the prevertebral soft tissues or posteriorly into the spinal canal. [Read more...]
Cervical Spine Instability In Down Syndrome
September 29, 2011 by Leave a Comment
Generalized ligamentous laxity caused by the collagen defects in Down syndrome can result in atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital instability.
In these patients hypermobility of the spine is a feature but instability is that hypermobilty which jeopardizes neurological integrity.
Atlantoaxial instability occurs in approximately 10% to 20% of children with Down syndrome. Atlantooccipital instability incidence has been reported to be 60%.
Neurological symptoms are present in only 1% to 2.6% of patients with cervical instability, and the instability usually is discovered on routine screening examinations or on cervical radiographs obtained for other reasons.
Progressive instability leading to neurological symptoms is most common in boys older than 10.5 years of age. [Read more...]
Atlantodens Interval
September 29, 2011 by 1 Comment
The atlantodens interval is defined as the distance between the anterior aspect of the dens and the posterior aspect of the anterior ring of the atlas. This distance should be 5 mm or less. In the adult population, the normal ADI is 3 mm.
An atlantodens interval that exceeds 5 mm in lateral flexion and 4 mm in lateral extension indicates instability and is suspicious for ligamentous disruption.
Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation [Fixation]
September 26, 2011 by Leave a Comment
Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation is a condition where there is a fixed rotation of C1 over C2. This condition occurs when normal motion between the atlas and axis becomes limited or fixed either spontaneously or following minor trauma [which usually is the case]. It can also or follow an upper respiratory tract infection.
The cause of this subluxation is not completely understood. It is related to increased laxity of ligaments and capsular structures caused by inflammation or trauma.
Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation is a common cause of childhood torticollis. Both the subluxation and torticollis usually are temporary. but rarely they persist and become atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. [Read more...]
Familial Cervical Dysplasia
September 17, 2011 by Leave a Comment
In 1991 Saltzman et al. described a familial cervical dysplasia that affects the first cervical vertebra. It is an inherited form of cervical vertebral dysplasia which is transmitted as is autosomal dominant.
Presentation
Most of the patients with this condition are aymptomatic. The symptoms may vary from an incidental finding on radiographic examination to a passively correctable head tilt.
There may be suboccipital headaches or limitation of cervical motion may occur. [Read more...]
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