Clinical Photographs of An Adult With Severe Kyphosis

Following photographs are of a person with severe kyphosis.

The person is 43 years old male who had come to OPD with a patient.

Here is a view of his spine from back side.

Clinical Photograph of Person With Kyphosis

Clinical Photograph of Person With Kyphosis

From side [Read more...]

Sacral Agenesis

Sacral [or lumbosacral agenesis in severe cases where lumbar spine is also involved] characterized by absence of the variable portion of the caudal portion of the spine. It is a very rare deformity.

Patients with this deformity lack motor function at the affected vertebral level and sensory functions below the affected level.

It is also known as

  • Caudal dysplasia
  • Caudal dysplasia sequence
  • Caudal regression syndrome
  • Sacral regression
  • Lumbo sacral agenesis

Types

Renshaw classification divides the condition into four groups depending on amount of sacrum remaining and the characteristics of the articulation between the spine and the pelvis [Read more...]

Treatment of Congenital Kyphosis

Non operative treatment in congenital kyphosis is not effective. The operative treatment depends on the

  • Type of deformity
  • Severity of the deformity
  • Age of the patient
  • Presence or absence of neurological symptoms.

Type I Deformities

In children less than five years of age and deformity less than 50 degrees a posterior fusion is appropriate. Autogenous bone grafts are preferable but if sufficient graft is not present, allograft bone can be used. [Read more...]

Congenital Kyphosis

Congenital vertebral anomalies are known to cause kyphosis though the incidence is less. It is of three types

  • Type I -  Congenital failure of vertebral body formation.
  • Type II – Failure of vertebral body segmentation
  • Type III- Combination of both of these conditions.

Type I is further has subtypes

  • Posterolateral quadrant vertebrae
  • Posterior hemivertebrae
  • Butterfly (sagittal cleft) vertebrae
  • Anterior or anterolateral wedged vertebrae

Type I deformities are more common  and occur more commonly in the thoracic spine and at the thoracolumbar junction. [Read more...]

What Are Types and Causes Of Kyphosis

Kyphosis, is mainly of two types

  • Postural kyphosis
  • Structural kyphosis.

Postural Kyphosis

Postural Kyphosis is poor posture which leads to excessive rounding of the upper back. Postural kyphosis can be corrected by learning to remain in good posture. [Read more...]

Cobb’s Angle

The original Cobb’s  angle was used to measure lateral curve severity in scoliosis but also has subsequently been adapted to classify deformity in kyphosis.

For evaluation of curves in scoliosis, an anteroposterior radiograph is used.

For measurement, When assessing a curve the apical vertebra [The vertebra most deviated laterally from the vertical axis that passes through the patient's sacrum] is first identified. This is the most likely displaced and rotated vertebra with the least tilted end plate.

The end/transitional vertebra are then identified through the curve above and below. [Read more...]