Clinical Photograph – Rupture of Proximal Biceps Tendon

Rupture of the proximal head of the biceps tendon involves one of two heads of the biceps tendon. This condition usually occurs in older individuals and is caused by degenerative changes.

Symptoms are

• Sudden pain
• Audible snap i
• Bulge in their arm at the biceps muscle also referred to as a “Popeye Muscle”

Anatomy of Scapula-Muscles and Ligaments

Various muscles and ligaments attach on scapula that are used to stabilize and move the bone. Movement of scapula helps in movements of shoulder joint. Read more

Anatomy of The Scapula

Scapula is bone of shoulder girdle. It serves as connection between upper limb and clavicle. Its acromion process articulates with clavicle at lateral end of clavicle to form acromioclavicular joint. It also forms glenohumeral joint, popularly known as shoulder joint through its glenoid cavity with head of humerus. It has two surfaces, three borders, three angles and three processes. Read more

Anatomy of Clavicle- The Collar Bone

Clavicle of right side viewed from below (left image) and from above(right image)

The clavicle is a long bone that connects trunk with upper limb. It is also known as collar bone. Its main function is support of the shoulder and transmittal of upper limb weight to the trunk  through the sternum. Read more

Bones And Joints of Upper Limb

In this section we would have a brief outline of bones that are part of upper limb.

As we noted before upper limb starts at shoulder girdle and ends in hand. Below the external contours is hidden a complex skeletal framework that provides shape, support and mobility to upper limb. Upper limb has been highly modified in humans to enable the superior reach and grasp.

In this article we would just touch the bones briefly. Each bone would be discussed in detail separately. Read more

An Introduction to Upper Limb

The upper and lower limbs were evolved basically for bearing the weight of the body and for locomotion. In quadrupedsforelimbs and hindlimbsairs of limbs are, therefore, built on the same basic pattern.

Each limb is made up of a basal segment or girdle, and a free part divided into proximal, middle and distal segments. The girdle attaches the limb to the axial skeleton. The distal segment carries the five digits.

Following table will elicit the similarity between two limbs

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