Between every pair of vertebræ are two apertures, the intervertebral foramina.
The foramen allows for the passage of the spinal nerve root, dorsal root ganglion, the spinal artery of the segmental artery, communicating veins between the internal and external plexuses, recurrent meningeal nerves, and transforaminal ligaments.
Their size is variable due to placement, pathology, spinal loading, and posture.
They can be occluded by arthritic degenerative changes and space-occupying lesions like tumors, metastases and spinal disc herniations.
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