Stress shielding means a reduction in the bone density as a result of removal of normal stress from the bone by an implant. For example it occurs after hip replacement when the normal bone is replaced by an implant.
This is because in a normal person the bone would remodel in response to the loads it is placed under.
When a hip is replaced as in total hip replacement, the load that was usually placed on the bone would decrease and hence would become less dense.
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[...] Higher stress shielding may occur under following conditions: [...]