Most of the fractures are caused by significant trauma. However these may be situations where the fractures are caused by insignificant trauma. There may be several reasons to this.
Fractures resulting from trivial trauma because bone is weak, are called insufficient fractures.
Osteoporosisis an age related loss of bone mineral and microarchitectural change in bone. As bone weakness a trivial trauma can result in fractures. A simple fall in old age may result in fractures of hip region whereas same injury in young persons will just result in soft tissue injury.
Pathological fractures occur when bone is weakened by a disease such as infection, malignancy or lack of nutrition.
Spontaneous fractures occur when bone is so weakened that fracture may occur even by forces of daily use e.g., lifting of hand or simple movements of walking. This generally occurs when disease is quite advanced.
Stress fracturesare special type of fractures which occur with repetitive of exposure of the normal bone to the forces to which it is not accustomed to. An example of this would be sudden jogging for long distances without training. A point to not is that bone is otherwise normal in these cases i.e. not a weakened by any pathology.
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