In this section we would have a brief outline of bones that are part of upper limb.
As we noted before upper limb starts at shoulder girdle and ends in hand. Below the external contours is hidden a complex skeletal framework that provides shape, support and mobility to upper limb. Upper limb has been highly modified in humans to enable the superior reach and grasp.
In this article we would just touch the bones briefly. Each bone would be discussed in detail separately.
Clavicle: Clavicle is the bone that connects shoulder girdle to thorax. On one side it articultes with sternum at sternoclavicular joint and on other side it articulates with acromion process of scapula at acromioclavicular joint
Scapula: Scapula has a complex anatomy and is responsible for providing overhead movements to human shoulder. It articulates with clavicle on one side. On other side it also articulates with shoulder through its glenoid cavity, a cavity that forms a joint with head of humerus called shoulder joint or scapulo-humeral joint). It also has a gliding motion with thorax at its inner surface. This gliding action adds to mobility of shoulder joint.
Humerus: Arm is formed by single bone called humerus. On upper end it forms shoulder joint and lower end it forms elbow joint by articulation with ulna.
Forearm: Forearm contains two bones-radius and ulna. Ulna forms elbow joint with lower end of humerus. Radius and ulna articluate with each other at superior and inferior radio-ulnar joints. These joints allow movements of pronation and supination.
Wrist: Wrist or carpus is formed by 8 bones which articulate with radius and ulna on one side and provide articulation to carpometacarpal joints on other side.
Hand: Hand originates at wrist as five metacarpal bones. These can be felt in region of hand that is occupied by palm. Phalanges are small bones that form skeleton of fingers and thumb. There are total of 14 phalanges, two for the thumb, and three for each finger.The phalanx that articulates with metacarpal bone is called proximal phalanx. The terminal phalanx is called distal phalanx. Thum contains only these two phalanges. A third phalanx called middle phalanx. Phalanges articulate with each other at interphalangeal joints.
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