The axis vertebra has unique anatomy and despite fractures to the odontoid or pars interarticularis, is subject to a variety of injuries similar to those found in the lower cervical spine. Several basic fracture types are recognized and can be divided into distinct categories
Type I
The fractures resemble an extension-type teardrop fracture of the inferior anterior end plate. These fractures are usually stable.
Type II
Fractures are characterized by hear fracture line through the C-2 vertebral body that runs horizontally.
Type III
It is a burst fracture of C-2 vertebral body.
Type IV
These fractures are sagittal cleavage fractures are usually be highly unstable.
Treatment
Stable fractures can be treated by conservative means but unstable fractures would require operative treatment.
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