| Reflex |
Location of Lesion |
Stimulus | Normal Response | Abnormal Response |
| Bahinski | Upper motor neuron | Stroking the plantar aspect of foot proximal lateral to distal medial | Toes plantar flex | Toes extend and splay |
| Oppenheim | Upper motor neuron | Rubbing the tibial crest proximal to distal | Toes plantar flex | Toes extend and splay |
| Cremasteric | T12-L1 | Stroking the tibial crest proximal to distal | Upward motion of the | No motion of the scrotum |
| Anal wink | S2-S4 | Stroking skin around anus | Anal sphincter contracts | No anal sphincter contraction |
| Bulbocavernosus | S3-S4 | Squeezing the penis in males, applying pressure to clitoris in females, or tugging the bladder catheter in either | Anal sphincter contracts |
No anal sphincter contraction |
[...] by hypotension [decrease in blood pressure] and bradycardia [decrease in heart rate]. An absent bulbocavernosus reflex in a trauma victim can indicate spinal shock. The prognosis for the potential of neurologic [...]