Orthopedic Care and Consultation
A bone spur is a bony growth formed on normal bone. In medical language, it is termed as osteophyte. A bone spur is an extra bone and can cause symptoms due to pressure on adjacent tissues.
Spurs can be commonly found in
How Does A Spur Form?
A bone spur is response by the body to some sort of external stimulus. This repair response may lead to formation of extra bone called spur. [Read more...]
Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans in children under 12 years of age is nonoperative. Arthroscopy is reserved for the cases in which the fragment has become detached.
If the lesion is in a non-weight bearing area or it involved only a portion of the weight-bearing area of a joint it is observed with serial radiograms made every six to eight weeks to determine its natural course.
Protection from weight-bearing is not required unless the lesion begins to separate and symptoms persist.
In case the weight bearing is prohibited, it is resumed gradually with aid of crutches providing partial support.
Generally, a period of three months is required for healing of the lesion.
In case of suspected seapration of fragment, bone imaging with technetium-99m and computed tomographic studies should be carried out.
If osteochondritis dissecans in a child fails to respond to nonsurgical management, arthroscopic examination and drilling of the osteochondritic lesion are recommended.
Indications of arthroscopy
Arthroscopy directly visualizes the involved area and determines its exact location and size, and the degree of articular cartilage separation.
Arthroscopy is indicated in osteochondritis dissecans in patients 12 years of age and older in whom the weight-bearing area is involved with a lesion over 1 cm. in diameter.
Arthroscopic examination is also indicated in case of late diagnosis.
In children under 12 years of age arthroscopy should be done when, there is no radiographic or clinical evidence of improvement after a reasonable period of non operative treatment, or if the lesion becomes partially or completely detached.
Ewing’s sarcoma is he second most common primary malignant tumor of bone found in children.Ewing Sarcoma is an uncommon primary malignant bone tumor.It has been named after Ewing, who first described it in 1921.
Ewing sarcoma has a characteristic predilection for an age group between 10 and 15 years. The tumor is more common in boys than in girls. [Read more...]
Displaced fractures of the pelvic ring constitute a diverse group of skeletal injuries that usually result from motor-vehicle accidents, industrial trauma, sporting events, or falls from great heights.
The typical pelvic ring disruption is notable for the immense amount of force needed to provoke a displacement of the pelvic ring.
A patient who sustains such an injury is likely to present with other serious or life-threatening injuries involving the musculoskeletal, respiratory, central nervous, gastrointestinal, urologic, and cardiovascular systems.
The management of a pelvic ring fracture, requires concomitant diagnosis and treatment of the other systemic and musculoskeletal injuries. [Read more...]
There are over 11 types of collagen characterized by having 19 unique chains. They are divided into three general classes:
Collagen is the major constituent of bone matrix. It is a crystalline fibroprotein fibril with characteristic x-ray diffraction and electron microscopic pattern, having a periodicity of about 6400 nm, although its length, diameter and density vary with age.
In very old bone its diameter may be over 1000 nm.
Collagen is also the major extracellular protein of the body and comprises some 30 percent today body protein.Important advances have been made in the elucidation of the structure of the precursors, or procollagens, of tissue collagen, in the discovery of new types of collagen and in the mechanisms of collagen degradation.
However, though much is known of the intermediary metabolism of collagen, little is known of what controls the deposition and orientation of collagen fibres in the tissues or the quantity of collagen that is formed. [Read more...]
Parathormone is stored in intracellular vesicles after its synthesis. Secretion of PTH is regulated by plasma Calcium concentration. Fall in plasma calcium induces parathormone release and rise inhibits secretion.
Changes in phosphate concentration in plasma affect parathormone secretion indirectly by altering Calcium concentration.
Parthyroid Hormone increases plasma calcium levels by increasing resorption of calcium from bone and decreasing the excretion of calcium in urine. It also promotes phosphate excretion which tends to supplement the hypercalcaemic effect. [Read more...]
The image shows anteroposterior view of xray of forearm. In present radiograph fracture of ulna is visible. Radius bone appears intact.
Author Note:
For exclusion of any other injury, another view (lateral view) must also be taken. In addition distal radio ulnar joint is not visible.
This xray was done in busy casualty and probably other view was ignored due to rush.
Naked eye examination of the longitudinal and transverse sections of a long bone shows the following features:
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