Use of Electron Microscopy

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Examination of ultrastructural features of cellular and extracellular structures is a powerful diagnostic tool. The introduction of the transmission electron microscope in the early decades of the twentieth century dramatically expanded the investigative and diagnostic capabilities to study the submicroscopic details of diseased tissue including bone tumors and tumor like condition.

Use of the transmission through a thin section of tissue impregnated with electrondense material and embedded in plastic material and embedded in plastic medium is the most applicable for diagnostic purposes. [Read more...]

Arthritis Due To Deposition of Calcium Crystals-An Overview

Deposition of crystals has been identified as a cause of arthritis. With increasing diagnostic capabilities being achieved we are able to look at and identify crystals better now. Study of crystal identification involves aspiration of synovial fluid and analyzing it for crystal examination.

Various tools that are used to identify and analyse contents in synovial fluids are

  • Gross Examination
  • Microscopic examination including electron microscopy
  • Energy dispersive elemental analysis

X-ray diffraction have established the role of different microcrystals including monosodium urate , calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate), calcium hydroxyapatite , and calcium oxalate, in inducing arthritis. [Read more...]