Ponseti and Friedman Classification

1. Single major lumbar curve.

The lumbar curve has its apex between the L1-2 disc and L4 producing an asymmetry of the waistline with prominence of the contralateral hip.

2. Single major thoracolumbar curve.

The thoracolumbar curve apex is at T12 or L1 and tends to produce more trunk imbalance than other curves. It often produces a severe cosmetic deformity.

3. Combined thoracic and lumbar curves (double major curves).

Cause less visible deformities because the the trunk usually is well balanced.

4. Single major thoracic curve.

Generally is a convex right pattern. The curve produces prominence of the ribs on the convex side, depression of the ribs on the concave side, and elevation of one shoulder. [Read more...]