Ulnar tunnel syndrome is neuropathy [disease or dysfunction of nerve] of the ulnar nerve caused by compression in Guyon's canal or the ulnar canal or ulnar tunnel.Guyon’s canal is a longitudinal space in the wrist which allows passage of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve into the hand. Guyon was a French Urologist who described this space in 1861.Ulnar tunnel syndrome is also known as … [Read More...] about Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome Features and Treatment
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Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation).It is a mallet finger type injury.It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common.Seymour fracture involves distal phalanx physis … [Read More...] about Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Phalanx of Hand – Anatomy and Function
Phalanx [plural phalanges] is a tubular bone present in hand and foot and form digits [fingers and toes].In this article, we discuss the phalanges of the hand.There are five digits in each hand – four finger and one thumb.All fingers have three phalanges distal, middle and proximal.Thumb has only proximal and distal phalanx.Distal Phalanx The distal phalanx consists of the … [Read More...] about Phalanx of Hand – Anatomy and Function
Radioscapholunate Arthrodesis – Indications and Procedure
Radioscapholunate arthrodesis is a type of partial arthrodesis of the wrist which preserves some of the motion in the wrist joint.It is based on the observation that most activities of daily living can be accomplished with wrist motion in the range of 10° flexion, 35° extension, 10° radial deviation, and 15° ulnar deviation.Wrist arthroplasty can provide pain-free mobility but is not a … [Read More...] about Radioscapholunate Arthrodesis – Indications and Procedure
Sacral slope, Pelvic tilt and Pelvic Incidence
Sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence are pelvic parameters used in radiological assessment of the lumbosacral spine.With evolution came upright posture which brought the required changes in the spine and pelvis.The pelvis became broadened and vertical. There were changes in spinal curvature and muscular structures supporting the spine were substantially modified.The pelvis … [Read More...] about Sacral slope, Pelvic tilt and Pelvic Incidence
Four Corner Arthrodesis [Fusion] of the Wrist
Four corner arthrodesis involves excision of scaphoid and fusion of the remaining wrist bones in neutral alignment. It is motion preserving limited arthrodesis and provides pain relief and improved grip strength.This four corner arthrodesis is based on the principle that the radiolunate articulation is often spared from degenerative changes from conditions.IndicationsSLAC wrist … [Read More...] about Four Corner Arthrodesis [Fusion] of the Wrist
Flexor Retinaculum of Hand and Foot
Flexor retinaculum of hand is a fibrous band that is present in the flexor aspect of wrist and flexor aspect of the ankle.Flexor retinaculum of the hand is also called transverse carpal ligament or anterior annular ligament.It is a strong, fibrous band, that arches over the wrist region and converts the deep groove on the front of the carpal bones into a tunnel. This tunnel is also called … [Read More...] about Flexor Retinaculum of Hand and Foot
Idiopathic Scoliosis – Types, Presentation and Treatment
Idiopathic scoliosis is the lateral deviation deformity of the spine where the cause is not known. Because there is also a vertebral rotation and not just deviation, the term rotoscoliosis is also used to describe the deformity.Idiopathic signifies that it is not secondary or due to some deformity and other secondary causes. On plain radiographs, scoliosis is defined as greater than 10 … [Read More...] about Idiopathic Scoliosis – Types, Presentation and Treatment
Risser Sign and Its Use in Scoliosis
The Risser sign, also called Risser index or Risser classification is a system used to assess and grade skeletal maturity based on the level of ossification and fusion of the iliac crest apophyses.The apophyses (singular: apophysis) are the normal bony outgrowths which have separate ossification centers and eventually fuse with the bone in time. Iliac crest and greater trochanter are examples … [Read More...] about Risser Sign and Its Use in Scoliosis
Lenke Classification System for Scoliosis
Lenke classification is a comprehensive radiographic classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis named after Dr Lawrence Lenke who was instrumental in devising it.Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common types of scoliosis encountered.Though originally intended to be include factors in 3 planes, it eventually included two saggital and coronal plane.The classification … [Read More...] about Lenke Classification System for Scoliosis
Classification of Scoliosis Curves
Scoiliotic curves can be classified by many approaches. We are describing two mainly used methods for classification of scoliosis curves.These classifications are named as Ponseti and Friedman, and Kings’s classification of scoliosis curves.Scoliosis, as we know, is of non-idiopathic and idiopathic types. Neuromuscular and degenerative scoliosis are types of non-idiopathic … [Read More...] about Classification of Scoliosis Curves
Osteon or Haversian System and Its Significance
The osteon is the basic building block and fundamental functional unit of compact bone.It is also called a Haversian system, named after Clopton Havers, an English physician who worked extensively on the microstructure of the bone.Structurally, osteons are roughly cylindrical structures which are several millimeters long and around 0.2 mm in diameter. Structure of Osteon or Haversian … [Read More...] about Osteon or Haversian System and Its Significance
Anatomical Snuffbox Anatomy and Significance
The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular deepening on the dorsoradial aspect of the hand at the level of the carpal bones.It is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension and abduction of the thumb.The name snuffbox is derived because this depression was used as a means of placement for the inhalation of powdered tobacco.The anatomical snuffbox is an anatomical landmark, to … [Read More...] about Anatomical Snuffbox Anatomy and Significance
Bone Spur or Osteophyte- Causes and Treatment
A bone spur is a bony growth formed on a normal bone. In medical language, it is termed as an osteophyte. A bone spur is an extra bone and can cause symptoms due to pressure on adjacent tissues. Bone spurs are also called osteochondral nodules, osteochondrophytes, and chondro-osteophytes. Osteophyte is part of degenerative changes that occur with age.How does Bone Spur Form? An … [Read More...] about Bone Spur or Osteophyte- Causes and Treatment
Skeletal Survey or Bone Survey – Indications and Uses
A skeletal survey is a series of x-rays which are done to view the entire skeleton, performed systematically to cover the entire skeleton or the anatomic regions as per clinical indications.Different clinical indications may demand a different set of x-rays. In the case of child abuse, which is a common indication, the local health protocols may differ slightly on the inclusion of different … [Read More...] about Skeletal Survey or Bone Survey – Indications and Uses
Laminoplasty – Indications and Procedure
Laminoplasty is a process of increasing the space available for the spinal cord by reconstruction of the laminar arch via a posterior approach.It is done by hinging or opening the lamina to allow access to the canal and may include augmentation or reconstruction of the spinal canal.Laminectomy is just removal of the lamina and it also the medial posterior tension band structures such as … [Read More...] about Laminoplasty – Indications and Procedure
Jackson Table System for Spine Surgeries
What is the Jackson Table System for Spine Surgeries Jackson table is a specially designed table to be used in spine surgeries. It can be used to perform a perform a variety of spinal surgeries in supine, prone, lateral positions in a safe manner.Two of the peculiar features of Jackson table areNo central table support Ability to rotate the table through 180 degreesTo better … [Read More...] about Jackson Table System for Spine Surgeries
Os Vesalianum – The Accessory Bone of Fifth Metatarsal
What is Os VesalianumOs vesalianum pedis is an accessory bone of the foot located proximal to the fifth metatarsal and found within the peroneus brevis tendon. It is a rare occurrence. The reported incidence is between 0.1% and 0.4%.This ossicle is without any symptoms generally but often can become painful.It is often discovered incidentally when foot is x-rayed for some … [Read More...] about Os Vesalianum – The Accessory Bone of Fifth Metatarsal
Dynamization of Nail- Principle and Procedure
What is Dynamization of nail? Dynamization of nail is the process of converting a static interlock nail to dynamic nail by removing screw of the proximal static hole [read further for explanation].Interlock nail is a common surgery in orthopedics. It is most commonly used for fracture of femur [read further for explanation]nd fracture of tibia.Interlock nail is locked on both sides using … [Read More...] about Dynamization of Nail- Principle and Procedure
Pars interarticularis Anatomy and Significance
What is Pars Interarticularis? The Pars Interarticularis is a special region of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes. The term literally means part between the articulations in Latin language and is kind of bony bridge that joins these two upper and lower facets.Thus one vertebral has two pars interarticularis.Thus facet joints above are connected to the joints … [Read More...] about Pars interarticularis Anatomy and Significance