An ergonomic chair is a chair designed in the way it provides maximum comfort during sitting and properly supports the posture, weight and lumbar while sitting.Though design-wise, ergonomic chairs cater to a range of people, one may need to try more than one model to find a design that suits.Moreover, chairs may not suit every task or arrangement in a particular setup or workstation.A … [Read More...] about Ergonomic Chair Features, Types and Uses
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Bennett Fracture Causes, Presentation and Teratment
Bennett fracture is an intraarticular fracture involving the base of the thumb and leading to a subluxation of the carpometacarpal joint. It was described initially by Edward Hallaran Bennett in the late nineteenth century.The fracture is inherently unstable and requires adequate reduction and immobilization or fixation.Carpometacarpal joint is critical for pinching and opposition … [Read More...] about Bennett Fracture Causes, Presentation and Teratment
Base of Thumb Fractures and Their Types
Base of thumb fractures are the extra-articular and intraarticular fractures of base of first metacarpal bone.Thumb is a highly important and efficient digit that makes the human hand highly efficient. An unusable thumb could mean a loss of 40% of hand function. Relevant Anatomy [Read complete hand anatomy]Thumb consists of two phalanges and a metacarpal. The metacarpal consists of a … [Read More...] about Base of Thumb Fractures and Their Types
Thumb Injuries Types, Presentation and Treatment
Thumb injuries or fractures and dislocations are one of the common hand injuries. The term thumb injury includes all the injuries from the carpometacarpal joint to the tip of the thumb.There are various types of thumb injuries that come under fractures and dislocations of thumb. Nailbed and fingertip injuries are discussed separately.Thumb is an important organ and makes the human hand a … [Read More...] about Thumb Injuries Types, Presentation and Treatment
Pulled Muscle in Chest – Presentation and Treatment
A pulled muscle in chest means a tear or injury in the muscles of the thoracic cage. Relevant Anatomy Thoracic cage is composedof 12 pairs of ribs and sternum.{read more about thoracic cage anatomy}The muscles of the thoracic cage areIntercostalsExternal Internal InnermostSubcostals Transversus thoracisAll of these muscles act to change the volume of … [Read More...] about Pulled Muscle in Chest – Presentation and Treatment
Skier’s thumb – Causes, Symptoms and Teatment
Terms Skier’s thumb and Gamekeeper’s thumb are used for injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament of first metacarpal joint. While Gamekeeper’s thumb was the older term, Skier’s thumb is used more commonly.Ulnar collateral ligament injury of the metacarpal joint was found earlier in people of Europe who wrung the neck of the game like chicken, rabbits, between index finger and thumb. It leads … [Read More...] about Skier’s thumb – Causes, Symptoms and Teatment
Jersey Finger – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Jersey finger refers to the avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon off of its insertion at the volar aspect of the distal phalanx due to forced hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint.It is a type of zone I tendon injury.It is also called a sweater finger or rugby finger and typically occurs while grasping the jersey of an opponent who quickly pulls away. Relevant … [Read More...] about Jersey Finger – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Bunion [Hallux Valgus]- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Bunion is a bony bump, often painful, enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint). Bunion is a foot deformity, usually associated with hallux valgus [hallux refers to the great toe, "valgus" refers to the abnormal angulation of the great toe], a deformity of the toe where big toe may turn in toward the second toe.This leads to … [Read More...] about Bunion [Hallux Valgus]- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Jammed Finger Causes, Symptoms and Remedy
A jammed finger is a popularly used term that refers to injuries around the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers. The term is not specific to a single injury but rather describes a group of injuries that are related to varying degrees of loading across the proximal interphalangeal joint due to jamming of the finger between two closeable opposing surfaces, most often in the doors.A … [Read More...] about Jammed Finger Causes, Symptoms and Remedy
Martin Gruber Anastomosis and Its Significance
Martin Gruber Anastomosis is the anatomic variant of ulnar nerve innervation where there is an anomalous pattern of innervation occurring between the median and ulnar nerves in the forearm.The crossover usually occurs between axons from the anterior interosseous nerve to the ulnar nerve in the forearm. Rarely, the crossover can occur between the main median nerve trunk and ulnar nerve.In … [Read More...] about Martin Gruber Anastomosis and Its Significance
Ulnar Neuropathy [Compressive] – Causes and Treatment
Ulnar neuropathy refers to compression of the ulnar nerve, a continuation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus and a mixed nerve that supplies muscles of the forearm, and skin over medial part of hand and digits.Ulnar neuropathy is the second most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb.There are various sites where ulnar nerve entrapment can occur. The most common is near the … [Read More...] about Ulnar Neuropathy [Compressive] – Causes and Treatment
Mallet Finger Injury Presentation and Treatment
Mallet finger is a finger deformity caused by disruption of the extensor tendon mechanism distal to the distal interphalangeal joint caused by a bony or tendon injuryIt is a common injury and occurs as a workplace injury or in sports. It commonly occurs in young to middle-aged males. It is also seen in older females.It is the most common closed tendon injury seen in athletes. Mallet … [Read More...] about Mallet Finger Injury Presentation and Treatment
Galeazzi Fracture Presentation and Treatment
Galeazzi fracture-dislocations is a fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. The ulnar shaft is intact.A fracture of distal radius Galeazzi-equivalent fracture is a distal radial fracture with a distal ulnar physeal fracture 2.Most of these fractures are seen in children, with a peak incidence at age 9-12 years.Adult Galeazzi … [Read More...] about Galeazzi Fracture Presentation and Treatment
Monteggia Fracture Causes, Types, Presentation and Treatment
Monteggia fracture-dislocations consist of a fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the ulnar shaft with concomitant dislocation/instability of the radial head. Often the ulnar fracture is obvious but radial head dislocation may be subtle and prone to be overlooked.Therefore high injury of suspicion is required for correct diagnosis and it is important to view elbow and wrist joint in forearm bone … [Read More...] about Monteggia Fracture Causes, Types, Presentation and Treatment
Ectrodactyly or Lobster Claw Hand (and Foot)
Ectrodactyly is a genetic disorder of skeletal anomaly resulting in the complete or partial absence of fingers or toes due to longitudinal deficiency.Webbing between fingers or toes (syndactyly) may occur giving hands and/or feet a claw-like appearance.The condition has a widely ranging severity and there are combinations of deformities that appear. The malformation may occur alone, or it … [Read More...] about Ectrodactyly or Lobster Claw Hand (and Foot)
Ulnar Nerve Anatomy, Course and Supply
The ulnar nerve, an extension of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, is a mixed nerve (both motor and sensory) that supplies hand muscles and medial aspect of the skin of the hand.The ulnar nerve and median nerve are responsible for the supply of flexor muscles and skin of the hand. These nerves are considered a pair, where median nerve supplies mainly forearm muscles and the ulnar nerve, … [Read More...] about Ulnar Nerve Anatomy, Course and Supply
Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome Features and Treatment
Ulnar tunnel syndrome is neuropathy [disease or dysfunction of nerve] of the ulnar nerve caused by compression in Guyon's canal or the ulnar canal or ulnar tunnel.Guyon’s canal is a longitudinal space in the wrist which allows passage of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve into the hand. Guyon was a French Urologist who described this space in 1861.Ulnar tunnel syndrome is also known as … [Read More...] about Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome Features and Treatment
Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation).It is a mallet finger type injury.It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common.Seymour fracture involves distal phalanx physis … [Read More...] about Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Phalanx of Hand – Anatomy and Function
Phalanx [plural phalanges] is a tubular bone present in hand and foot and form digits [fingers and toes].In this article, we discuss the phalanges of the hand.There are five digits in each hand – four finger and one thumb.All fingers have three phalanges distal, middle and proximal.Thumb has only proximal and distal phalanx.Distal Phalanx The distal phalanx consists of the … [Read More...] about Phalanx of Hand – Anatomy and Function
Radioscapholunate Arthrodesis – Indications and Procedure
Radioscapholunate arthrodesis is a type of partial arthrodesis of the wrist which preserves some of the motion in the wrist joint.It is based on the observation that most activities of daily living can be accomplished with wrist motion in the range of 10° flexion, 35° extension, 10° radial deviation, and 15° ulnar deviation.Wrist arthroplasty can provide pain-free mobility but is not a … [Read More...] about Radioscapholunate Arthrodesis – Indications and Procedure