Flexor retinaculum of hand is a fibrous band that is present in the flexor aspect of wrist and flexor aspect of the ankle.Flexor retinaculum of the hand is also called transverse carpal ligament or anterior annular ligament.It is a strong, fibrous band, that arches over the wrist region and converts the deep groove on the front of the carpal bones into a tunnel. This tunnel is also called … [Read More...] about Flexor Retinaculum of Hand and Foot
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Idiopathic Scoliosis – Types, Presentation and Treatment
Idiopathic scoliosis is the lateral deviation deformity of the spine where the cause is not known. Because there is also a vertebral rotation and not just deviation, the term rotoscoliosis is also used to describe the deformity.Idiopathic signifies that it is not secondary or due to some deformity and other secondary causes. On plain radiographs, scoliosis is defined as greater than 10 … [Read More...] about Idiopathic Scoliosis – Types, Presentation and Treatment
Risser Sign and Its Use in Scoliosis
The Risser sign, also called Risser index or Risser classification is a system used to assess and grade skeletal maturity based on the level of ossification and fusion of the iliac crest apophyses.The apophyses (singular: apophysis) are the normal bony outgrowths which have separate ossification centers and eventually fuse with the bone in time. Iliac crest and greater trochanter are examples … [Read More...] about Risser Sign and Its Use in Scoliosis
Lenke Classification System for Scoliosis
Lenke classification is a comprehensive radiographic classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis named after Dr Lawrence Lenke who was instrumental in devising it.Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common types of scoliosis encountered.Though originally intended to be include factors in 3 planes, it eventually included two saggital and coronal plane.The classification … [Read More...] about Lenke Classification System for Scoliosis
Classification of Scoliosis Curves
Scoiliotic curves can be classified by many approaches. We are describing two mainly used methods for classification of scoliosis curves.These classifications are named as Ponseti and Friedman, and Kings’s classification of scoliosis curves.Scoliosis, as we know, is of non-idiopathic and idiopathic types. Neuromuscular and degenerative scoliosis are types of non-idiopathic … [Read More...] about Classification of Scoliosis Curves
Osteon or Haversian System and Its Significance
The osteon is the basic building block and fundamental functional unit of compact bone.It is also called a Haversian system, named after Clopton Havers, an English physician who worked extensively on the microstructure of the bone.Structurally, osteons are roughly cylindrical structures which are several millimeters long and around 0.2 mm in diameter. Structure of Osteon or Haversian … [Read More...] about Osteon or Haversian System and Its Significance
Anatomical Snuffbox Anatomy and Significance
The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular deepening on the dorsoradial aspect of the hand at the level of the carpal bones.It is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension and abduction of the thumb.The name snuffbox is derived because this depression was used as a means of placement for the inhalation of powdered tobacco.The anatomical snuffbox is an anatomical landmark, to … [Read More...] about Anatomical Snuffbox Anatomy and Significance
Bone Spur or Osteophyte- Causes and Treatment
A bone spur is a bony growth formed on a normal bone. In medical language, it is termed as an osteophyte. A bone spur is an extra bone and can cause symptoms due to pressure on adjacent tissues. Bone spurs are also called osteochondral nodules, osteochondrophytes, and chondro-osteophytes. Osteophyte is part of degenerative changes that occur with age.How does Bone Spur Form? An … [Read More...] about Bone Spur or Osteophyte- Causes and Treatment
Skeletal Survey or Bone Survey – Indications and Uses
A skeletal survey is a series of x-rays which are done to view the entire skeleton, performed systematically to cover the entire skeleton or the anatomic regions as per clinical indications.Different clinical indications may demand a different set of x-rays. In the case of child abuse, which is a common indication, the local health protocols may differ slightly on the inclusion of different … [Read More...] about Skeletal Survey or Bone Survey – Indications and Uses
Laminoplasty – Indications and Procedure
Laminoplasty is a process of increasing the space available for the spinal cord by reconstruction of the laminar arch via a posterior approach.It is done by hinging or opening the lamina to allow access to the canal and may include augmentation or reconstruction of the spinal canal.Laminectomy is just removal of the lamina and it also the medial posterior tension band structures such as … [Read More...] about Laminoplasty – Indications and Procedure
Jackson Table System for Spine Surgeries
What is the Jackson Table System for Spine Surgeries Jackson table is a specially designed table to be used in spine surgeries. It can be used to perform a perform a variety of spinal surgeries in supine, prone, lateral positions in a safe manner.Two of the peculiar features of Jackson table areNo central table support Ability to rotate the table through 180 degreesTo better … [Read More...] about Jackson Table System for Spine Surgeries
Os Vesalianum – The Accessory Bone of Fifth Metatarsal
What is Os VesalianumOs vesalianum pedis is an accessory bone of the foot located proximal to the fifth metatarsal and found within the peroneus brevis tendon. It is a rare occurrence. The reported incidence is between 0.1% and 0.4%.This ossicle is without any symptoms generally but often can become painful.It is often discovered incidentally when foot is x-rayed for some … [Read More...] about Os Vesalianum – The Accessory Bone of Fifth Metatarsal
Dynamization of Nail- Principle and Procedure
What is Dynamization of nail? Dynamization of nail is the process of converting a static interlock nail to dynamic nail by removing screw of the proximal static hole [read further for explanation].Interlock nail is a common surgery in orthopedics. It is most commonly used for fracture of femur [read further for explanation]nd fracture of tibia.Interlock nail is locked on both sides using … [Read More...] about Dynamization of Nail- Principle and Procedure
Pars interarticularis Anatomy and Significance
What is Pars Interarticularis? The Pars Interarticularis is a special region of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes. The term literally means part between the articulations in Latin language and is kind of bony bridge that joins these two upper and lower facets.Thus one vertebral has two pars interarticularis.Thus facet joints above are connected to the joints … [Read More...] about Pars interarticularis Anatomy and Significance
Foods for Healthy Bones- Sources and Requirement
Doctor! What are foods for healthy bones? What should I eat so that I get strong bones and joints? I received this question in my mail recently. Actually, it is an often asked question. Not only this, some people are interested in superfoods for healthy bones. Well! Before we discuss the foods for healthy bones that make your bones strong, I wish to clarify about superfoods. There are no … [Read More...] about Foods for Healthy Bones- Sources and Requirement
7 Tips for Faster Fracture Healing
Fractures are very common in modern life. Reported annual occurrence in the US is about 7 million. Fracture healing can take any time between 4-12 weeks depending on the bone injured and the treatment given.Because of inconvenience and adverse effects on daily activities of living, everyone looks for ways of faster fracture healing.But is faster fracture healing feasible? How Do Fractures … [Read More...] about 7 Tips for Faster Fracture Healing
Terry Thomas Sign and Its Significance
Terry Thomas sign is an important sign on wrist x-rays that indicate a type of wrist injury.It refers to an increase in the scapholunate space on an AP radiograph of the wrist or coronal CT scan.The increased distance indicates scapholunate dissociation and often can be associated with rotary subluxation of the scaphoid.The sign is named after well-known British comic Terry … [Read More...] about Terry Thomas Sign and Its Significance
Juxtacortical Tumors or Surface Tumors of Bone
Juxtacortical tumors or surface tumors of bone are neoplasms [abnormal and excessive growth] arising from or just outside the cortex, and are composed of different histologic types.Some of the important juxtacortical tumors arePeriosteal or juxtacortical chondroma Periosteal or juxtacortical chondrosarcomas Periosteal or juxtacortical osteosarcomasJuxtacortical tumors are … [Read More...] about Juxtacortical Tumors or Surface Tumors of Bone
Degenerative Scoliosis or Adult Onset Scoliosis
Degenerative scoliosis is a result of progressive degenerative changes in structural elements of the spine.It also is known as adult-onset scoliosis but is different from curves of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that adults have.Adult scoliosis is a collective term inclusive of degenerative scoliosis comprising of all spinal deformities in a skeletally mature individual.Technically, … [Read More...] about Degenerative Scoliosis or Adult Onset Scoliosis
Neuromuculsar Scoliosis Causes and Treatment
Neuromuscular scoliosis is a coronal and sagittal plane deformity of the spine in patients with abnormalities of the nervous system or muscles. myoneural pathways of the body.The progression more severe in case of neuromuscular scoliosis and continues into adulthood. The long-term effects of the spinal deformity in patients with neuromuscular conditions can be disabling.Ability to sit and … [Read More...] about Neuromuculsar Scoliosis Causes and Treatment