Basics and Biomechanics

Skeletal traction is a type of traction where the force is applied directly to the bone by inserting metal pins/screws in the bone. This is in contrast to the skin traction which applies the force on the limb through the skin surface. Traction is one of the oldest orthopedic treatment methods used for fracture, pain […]

Classification of bones can be done in more than one way. It is important to understand the terms used so that confusion does not arise. Classification of Bones According to Shape Long bones Each long bone has an elongated shaft or diaphysis and two expanded ends (epiphyses) which are smooth and articular. The shaft typically […]

The term dorsal digital expansion refers to the small triangular aponeurosis covering the dorsum of the proximal phalanx with its base at the metacarpophalangeal joint. The main tendon of the extensor digitorum occupies the central part of the expansion and is separated from the metacarpophalangeal joint by a bursa. [Aponeurosis is a flat sheet or […]

The forearm is the area of upper extremity between the elbow and wrist. The bony structure of the forearm is formed by two bones – radius and ulna. There are twenty forearm muscles which are arranged in two compartments – anterior and posterior. The anterior compartment contains flexor muscles and is also called the flexor […]

Head halter traction or cervical halter is a type of spinal traction used in cervical ailments and injuries. It is similar to skin traction used on the limbs and is based on the same principles. The head halter traction is provided by using head halter traction devices which produce an effect of stretching the neck […]

The region between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint is called the upper arm or arm. That between elbow and wrist is called forearm. Brachium and antebrachium are anatomical terms for arm and forearm respectively but are not used that commonly. Muscles of arm can be classified as that of a flexor compartment or […]

The human shoulder is made up of three bones Clavicle or collarbone Scapula Humerus Glenohumeral joint and acromioclavicular joints are the main joints of the shoulder region. The joints are stabilized by muscles, ligaments and tendons. The shoulder joint is a very mobile joint to allow for a wide range of actions such as lifting, pushing and […]

Anatomical Position of Human Body Anatomical position is the basic premise or central tenet, the very core on which all the details of anatomy are based. Thus, to understand the anatomy of the human body, the anatomical position has always to be remembered. The anatomical position of the human body is The person standing erect […]