Drugs

Classification of Anesthetic Agents

There are many different anesthetic agents available and the user may vary depending on the site of the procedure, type of anesthesia [local versus spinal] and duration of anesthesia sought. In addition to this patient’s allergy profile needs to be taken into account. Lidocaine is the most commonly used anesthetic and belongs to the amide […]

Ketamine Use in Pain Management – First Guidelines Published

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Consensus guidelines for ketamine use in pain management have been developed jointly by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Ketamine is a drug that is used for the initiation and maintenance of anesthesia during invasive or non-invasive procedures. It produces […]

What is Chemotherapy for Tumors and How Does it work

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Chemotherapy literally means treatment of a disease by drugs. But the term has become a synonym with chemotherapy of tumors. Tumor chemotherapy is one of the basic pillars of cancer treatment, others being surgery and radiotherapy form the basic pillars of cancer treatment. Tumor chemotherapy drugs are also called anti-neoplastic drugs. Chemotherapy works by killing […]

Types of Surgical Resection of Tumors

Types of Surgical resection of the musculoskeletal tumors depend on the stage of the tumor and the type of surgical margin dictated by the histological grade which is required for the definitive local control. There are a number of modifying circumstances to be considered before the decision for surgery is made, e.g. the patient’ s age wishes […]

Congenital Clasped Thumb

The congenital clasped thumb is a rare condition where the thumb is positioned in adduction and extreme flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joints. The term implies a spectrum of thumb anomalies that range from mild thumb extension limitation to severe abnormalities of the thenar muscles, web space, and soft tissues. The condition is […]

Coccydynia – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Coccydynia, also called coccygodynia refers to pain in the coccyx region. The term was given by Simpson in 1859. However, the condition has been reported in the literature before that period too. The coccyx is the lowermost part of the spine and is also called the tailbone. One can feel the lower end of the coccyx […]

What is Pain Management Program?

Pain management program is a multi-disciplinary approach that aims at providing pain relief and restoration of normal function by either drugs and/or interventions. Pain management program may be desirable in selected patients of back pain or sciatica, neck pain, failed back syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, facial pain, neuropathic pain, headaches, cancer pain, shingles, […]

Sacrum Bone Anatomy

The sacrum is a part of the spine that lies between the fifth segment of the lumbar spine (L5) and the coccyx. Sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae S1-S5 and is triangular in shape. It is part of the pelvic girdle and forms the posterior wall of the pelvis and articulate with iliac bones at […]

Spaces of Hand – Anatomy and Significance

Spaces of hand are formed by fascia and fascial septae. Fascia and fascial septae of the hand are arranged in such a manner that many spaces are formed. These spaces are important as they can get infected and distended with pus. Important spaces of the hand are Palmar Spaces Pulp space of fingers. Midpalmar space […]

Kohler Disease of Patella

Osteochondrosis of the primary ossification center of the patella is also called Kohler disease [navicular osteochondrosis is also called Kohler disease]. For sake of differentiation, some authors also term it as Kohler disease of the patella. It is a rare cause of knee pain in children between 5 and 9 years of age. It affects […]