Immune response to orthopedic hardware after implantation could be due to metal sensitivity or against other components, usually of bone cement. The condition though rare, metal hypersensitivity should be considered. In cases of recurrent pain and aseptic loosening related to implanted hardware. The first report of cutaneous hypersensitivity caused by a metallic orthopedic implant was […]
General Ortho
Antiseptics and Disinfectants – Types and Uses
Antiseptics and disinfectants are nonselective, anti-infective agents that are applied topically. In general, antiseptics are applied to tissues to suppress or prevent microbial infection. Disinfectants are germicidal compounds usually applied to inanimate surfaces. Both can be covered by the more general term, biocide. Sometimes the same compound may act as an antiseptic and a disinfectant, […]
Flexible Spinal Orthoses – Corsets and Belts
Flexible spinal orthoses such as corsets and belts are commonly used in the treatment of back problems. Following types of flexible spinal orthoses are used. Sacroiliac Belt This is a prefabricated belt 5.1 cm to 10.2 cm (2- 4 in.) wide which encircles the pelvis between the iliac crests and the trochanters. Perineal straps may […]
Normal Biomechanics of Knee and Movements
Knee allows locomotion with minimum energy requirements from the muscles and stability for accommodating for different terrains. The knee joint has biomechanical roles in allowing gait by flexing and rotating and at the same time, provides stability during the activities of daily life. It shortens and extends lower limb as required and transmits forces across […]
Q Angle Measurement and Significance
Q angle is the angle formed by a line drawn from the anterosuperior iliac spine to the central patella and a second line drawn from central patella to tibial tubercle Patellofemoral joint biomechanics is influenced by the direction and magnitude of force exerted by quadriceps muscle. In a normal knee, the line of force exerted […]
Surgical Approaches to Fibula
Posterolateral Approach to Fibula Posterolateral approach to fibula can be used to access the whole of the fibula from head to the lateral malleolus. But in practice, it is most commonly used in upper three-fourths of the fibula It is used in open reduction and internal fixation of fibula fractures, resection of fibula or excision […]
Myositis Causes and Treatment
Myositis can be caused by infection, injury, certain medicines, exercise, and chronic disease and is characterized by a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease which most often is indicated by muscle weakness and other associated symptoms. Muscle weakness, sometimes with muscle pain and general tiredness and fatigue are general features of the condition. It can be chronic […]
Tension Band Principle and Its Applications
Tension band principle was given by Pauwel. Tension band converts tensile forces to compression forces on the convex side of an eccentrically loaded bone. This is accomplished by placing a tension band (bone plate or wire loops) across the fracture on the tension (or convex) side of the bone to convert tension forces into compressive […]
Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps
Exercise associated muscle cramps are skeletal muscle cramps that occur during or shortly following exercise in healthy individuals with no underlying metabolic, neurological, or endocrine pathology. It could affect single or multiple muscles. Exercise-associated muscle cramps are common in both the recreational and the competitive athlete. Causes of Exercise-associated muscle cramps The cause is unknown. […]
Residual Deformities after Polio and Their Treatment
Deformities after polio arise due to residual paralysis that weakens the limb after an acute attack of polio. The medical term for this is post polio residual paralysis. Weakened muscle strength, imbalance of the forces acting on a joint and unequal growth of affected and unaffected muscles results in limb length inequalities and joint deformities, […]