Calcium homeostasis refers to the regulation of the concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular fluid. An adult body contains about one kilogram of calcium. It is the fifth most abundant element in the human body. Calcium takes part in a wide range of biologic functions including bone mineralization and. Calcium is mainly provided by […]
General Ortho
Bone Screws Used in Orthopedics
Bone screws have been used to fix the bony fragments since the middle of the nineteenth century. It must be noted that bone screws follow mechanical principles similar to other commonly used screws. The screw is a cylinder with spiral threads running on its outer surface which converts torsional forces into compression. Screws can be […]
Nail Patella Syndrome
Nail Patella syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized abnormalities of the nails, knees, elbows, and pelvis. The features vary in severity from individual to individual, even among members of the same family. The classical description is of a tetrad of nail dysplasia, patellar aplasia-hypoplasia, elbow joint dysplasia, and iliac horns. Nail abnormalities are seen […]
Quantitative computed tomography or QCT
Quantitative computed tomography is a procedure which uses CT scan for quantitative assessment of the bones or bone mineral density. It is mainly used in osteoporotic patients. By Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease, characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. […]
Metastatic Calcification and Dystrophic Calcification
Metastatic calcification and dystrophic calcification are pathological calcification which means abnormal calcium deposits at the places where these are normally not found. Heterotopic ossification is another name for pathologic calcification and both metastatic and dystrophic calcification constitute heterotopic calcification. Normally, inorganic calcium salts are found in bones and teeth. Pathologic or heterotopic calcification is the […]
Ganglion Cyst Presentation and Treatment
Ganglion cyst is the most common benign tumor of the hand. It is thought to be degeneration of the mucoid connective tissue. It most commonly occurs on the dorsal wrist in 60% cases and is seen as bump on the wrist.This arises generally from scapholunate joint but can also arise from the radioscaphoid or scaphotrapezial […]
Parathyroid Hormone Physiology and Function
Parathyroid hormone is a polypeptide hormone which plays a vital role in calcium metabolism along with vitamin D and calcitonin. Secretion of Parathyroid and Anatomy of Parathyroid Gland Parathyroid hormone contains 84 amino acids secreted by the parathyroid glands. It is formed by cleavage of proparathyroid hormone which is formed from cleavage of preproparathyroid hormone […]
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Amniotic band syndrome is a rare disorder [but not hereditary] that entrapment of fetus in strands of amniotic tissue and causes a variety of different birth defects. The severity of amniotic band syndrome can range from a single, isolated finding to multiple, disfiguring complications. It is advocated that it should be called a sequence, rather […]
Joint Replacement Surgery – Introduction and Overview
This article is an introduction to total joint replacement. Specific types of joint replacement — such as for the hip, knee, shoulder, or wrist are discussed separately. Joint replacement surgery is last resort but a highly effective method of treating joint problems including joint pain and deformity and restoring mobility. Joint replacement surgery is very […]
Orthobiologics – Types and Uses
Orthobiologics Definition Orthobiologics are biological substances that are used to help injuries to heal more quickly. Orthobiologics are used to improve the healing of fractures, injured muscles, tendons and ligaments. Orthobiologics are made from substances that naturally occur in the body. When they are used in higher concentrations, they may help to hasten the healing […]