General Ortho

Posture and Postural Defects of Spine

Posture can be defined as the relationship of the parts of the body to the line of the center of gravity. The posture is a gauge of the mechanical efficiency of the neuromusculoskeletal system in the erect position. A normal person may have different postures of standing and sitting. These unusual postures can over time […]

Bone Destruction- Patterns and Their Significance

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Different patterns of bone destruction as observed on x-rays are caused by a variety of disease processes affecting the bone. Different types of destructions suggest the intensity and aggression of the disease process. Classically, x-rays were used for imaging and diagnosis. With the advent of CT and MRI, the x-ray diagnosis of lesions has lost […]

Fracture Healing Stages, Types and Factors Affecting Bone Repair

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Fracture healing in a broken bone is quite a complex process that begins by hematoma formation, a collection of inflammatory agents that render the bone-forming cells to form bone tissue to bridge the defect created by fracture. In this article, we would discuss steps of fracture healing in a broken bone, the types of fracture […]

Fibromyalgia – Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Fibromyalgia or fibromyalgia syndrome is a disorder that is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, memory problems, allodynia, and mood alterations. Difficulty in swallowing. bowel and bladder abnormalities, paresthesia and cognitive dysfunction have also been reported to occur in some patients Symptoms may begin after a physical trauma, surgery, infection or significant psychological […]

Flexor Retinaculum of Hand and Foot

Flexor retinaculum of hand is a fibrous band that is present in the flexor aspect of wrist and flexor aspect of the ankle. Flexor retinaculum of the hand is also called transverse carpal ligament or anterior annular ligament. It is a strong, fibrous band, that arches over the wrist region and converts the deep groove […]

Achilles Tendinosis – Causes and Treatment

Achilles tendinosis is a condition due to repeated microtrauma which may cause stiffness, edema, weakness, and pain in the Achilles tendon. Achilles tendinosis affects sports persons [runners, gymnasts, cyclists, and volleyball players] and recreational athletes. It affects inactive people too. It is said to be a failed healing response to wear and tear rather thin […]

Fracture Reduction and Fixation – Principles, Types and Application

Fracture reduction is the method by which the fractured bones are reduced to the best possible anatomical alignment for the given situation. When a fracture reduction has achieved its objective the fracture is said to be reduced. Fracture fixation is the term used when the fractured fragments are held in a reduced position. Depending on […]

Medial Epicondylitis or Golfers Elbow

Golfers elbow or medial epicondylitis is overuse tendinopathy that can be associated with golfing, racquet sports [most likely due to valgus stresses placed at medial epicondyle], throwing sports, bowlers, archers, and weightlifters. Just as lateral epicondyle is the site for the origin of wrist and hand extensors, medial epicondyle is the site for wrist and […]

Postoperative Pain Management

Perioperative pain relief or postoperative pain management or postoperative analgesia deals with the treatment of pain that occurs after the surgery. Postoperative pain can be acute that occurs immediately after the surgery or chronic that occurs and continues over a period. This article mainly concentrates on acute postoperative pain and the term postoperative pain here […]

Forearm Fractures in Adults [Fracture Radius Ulna]

Forearm fractures are very common in young active adults. These fractures generally include at least one or both of the forearm bones namely radius or ulna. Fractures of proximal and distal portions of these bones are special fractures and are discussed separately. This article addresses the injury to the diaphyseal radius and ulna without an […]