Hand and Upper Limb

Olecranon fracture of olecranon process fracture is a fracture of the large curved eminence called the olecranon process that forms the point of the elbow. It is the point where we rest our elbow on the table in a sitting position. Olecranon is a part of the ulna bone and is the uppermost posterior aspect of the […]

Acute elbow dislocation in adults occurs at the ulnohumeral joint.  Elbow dislocation can be pure dislocation or associated with fractures of surrounding bones. Elbow is a very important part of upper limb function and plays a very important role in the positioning of the hand for grip and prehension. Various day to activities and recreational […]

Coronoid fracture or coronoid process fracture is fracture anterior projection of ulna [ called coronoid] in its superior part where together with the posterior projection of ulna, olecranon, it expands the articular area of the upper end of the ulna. Ulna articulates with the lower end of humerus in this articular notch. Both coronoid and […]

Distal humerus fractures or distal third humerus fractures are fractures of the distal part of the humerus. It is an umbrella term for a group of injuries that may occur. Namely, the following constitute distal humerus fractures Fractures of lateral epicondyle Fractures of medial epicondyle Condylar fractures – lateral or medial condyle Intercondylar fractures Capitellem […]

The shaft of humerus fracture is the fracture of humerus bone that lies between the proximal and distal part of the humerus. This part lies between the upper border of the pectoralis major insertion proximally and the supracondylar ridge distally. The shaft of the humerus constitutes the middle three-fifths of the entire humerus. Relevant Anatomy […]

Proximal humerus fractures account for approximately 5% of all fractures. Proximal humeral fractures generally occur in older patients. This is so because older patients have osteopenic or osteoporotic bones which get damaged easily by trivial trauma. However, high-energy trauma can produce these fractures in any person of any age. Proximal humerus fracture is twice as […]

Scapula fracture is an uncommon injury.  The scapula is a bone that sits congruently against the ribs and stabilizes the upper extremity against the thorax. It links the upper extremity to the axial skeleton through the glenoid, the acromioclavicular joint, clavicle, and sternoclavicular joint. Scapula fractures are associated with high-energy trauma. Therefore, associated pulmonary or […]

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis is a locally aggressive neoplastic synovial disease affecting joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths characterized by joint effusions, synovial thickening, and bony erosions. Usually, pigmented villonodular synovitis affects a single joint [monoarticular presentation]. Polyarticular cases are rare and more likely in children. Usually, patients between 30 and 40 years old are affected. However, […]

Shoulder dislocation refers to dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Shoulder dislocation is a common injury and occurs more in young adults. The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body. Most of the dislocations are anterior though these may also occur posteriorly, inferiorly, or anterosuperiorly. Although the shoulder can be dislocated by direct […]