Hand and Upper Limb

Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis Presentation and Treatment

In congenital radioulnar synostosis, there is congenital fusion of the proximal ends of the radius and ulna [a bony bridge between the proximal radius and ulna]. This results in the fixation of the forearm in varying degrees of pronation. That means the upper end of both the bones, radius, and ulna are fused, making it […]

Hand Osteoarthritis – Presentation & Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Hand osteoarthritis, like generalized osteoarthritis, is considered a degenerative disease that is caused by the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage covers the ends of bones in the joint. Hand osteoarthritis results in pain, stiffness, tenderness, and swelling in the affected hand joints. Hand and wrist are formed by multiple small joints that enable complex and fine […]

Tennis Elbow or Lateral Epicondylitis

Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is a term for a painful condition of elbow because of tendinosis of extensors of the wrist at the attachment on the lateral epicondyle. Lateral epicondyle is part of the distal humerus on the lateral or outer side of the elbow. Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon is most commonly involved […]

Congenital Kyphosis

Congenital kyphosis is the presence of ky[hotic deformity or hump in the spine due to congenital vertebral anomalies. Kyphosis is exaggerated forward spine bend and it is called congenital as it occurred prior to birth. The vertebral defect which usually occur in the first six to eight weeks of embryonic life causes the spine to […]

Popliteus Tendonitis Symptoms and Treatment

Popliteus tendonitis is an uncommon pathology that which often occurs in athletes and people with a history of other knee ligament injuries. The pathology involves popliteus muscle which is present on the posterolateral aspect of the knee region. Popliteus muscle is a key stabilizer of the knee, and plays an important role in maintaining proper […]

Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures

Burst fractures are defined as vertebral fracture with the failure of the anterior and middle column. The fractures are unstable as there is involvement of two columns, anterior and middle, out of three columns of the spine. Burst fractures are caused by axial loading with flexion and can be considered as high energy compression fractures […]

Oswestry Disability Index

The Oswestry Disability Index has emerged as the most commonly recommended condition-specific outcome measures for spinal disorders. The development of the Oswestry Disability Index was initiated by John O’Brien in 1976 The index is based on a patient-completed questionnaire which gives a subjective percentage score of the level of function (disability) in activities of daily […]

Orthobiologics – Types and Uses

Orthobiologics Definition Orthobiologics are biological substances that are used to help injuries to heal more quickly. Orthobiologics are used to improve the healing of fractures, injured muscles, tendons and ligaments. Orthobiologics are made from substances that naturally occur in the body. When they are used in higher concentrations, they may help to hasten the healing […]

Cast Syndrome or Superior Mesenteric Artery syndrome

Cast syndrome is also known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome. It is an uncommon complication in the treatment of orthopedic conditions. It results from obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum by superior mesenteric artery leading to high intestinal obstruction. It should be kept in mind that this obstruction can occur in absence of […]