Hand and Upper Limb

Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis Presentation and Treatment

In congenital radioulnar synostosis, there is congenital fusion of the proximal ends of the radius and ulna [a bony bridge between the proximal radius and ulna]. This results in the fixation of the forearm in varying degrees of pronation. That means the upper end of both the bones, radius, and ulna are fused, making it […]

Hand Osteoarthritis – Presentation & Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Hand osteoarthritis, like generalized osteoarthritis, is considered a degenerative disease that is caused by the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage covers the ends of bones in the joint. Hand osteoarthritis results in pain, stiffness, tenderness, and swelling in the affected hand joints. Hand and wrist are formed by multiple small joints that enable complex and fine […]

Wound Dressings and Coverings

Wound care dressings and procedures aim at rapid covering healing of skin defects are for better wound healing. The best method for healing a wound is to close the defect by surgical means as quickly after the injury as possible. However, this may not always be possible. Where primary closure is not possible [ large […]

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a congenital deformity affecting the extremities, characterized by marked muscular wasting the loss of mass, increased fibrous tissue around the joints, and therefore disturbance of mobility and various characteristic deformities. Bone changes are usually secondary to the overlying soft tissue changes, as well as to the changes which have taken place […]

Phalanx Fractures of Hand [The Broken Fingers]

Phalanx fractures are common hand injuries. Phalanges are small long bones of the hand that make our fingers and thumb. A similar arrangement of bones is also found in toes and those bones are also called phalanges. Each finger is formed by three phalanges. Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Thumb has only two phalanges, […]

Internal Fixation of Fractures – Principles and Devices

Internal fixation of the bone is a type of fixation where the fixing device is not exposed to outside environment as it is buried under the soft tissue. This is in contrast to external fixation. Bone acts as a supporting structure and transmits load. Different forces that act on bone are compression, tension and shear. […]

Juvenile Spondyloarthritis

The juvenile spondyloarthritis is a group of HLA- B27 associated disorders which includes juvenile ankylosingspondylitiss and others. These are similar to adult spondyloarthropathies and juvenile onset means that these start before age 16. In the adult form, inflammatory low back pain is the predominant clinical symptom but the juvenile onset spondyloarthritis has peripheral enthesitis and […]

Internal Fixation of Fractures – Principles and Devices

Cervical Orthoses – Collars and Post Appliances

Cervical orthoses could be prefabricated or custom made. Prefabricated cervical orthoses are of two basic types: collars and post appliances. There are a lot of other custom made designs. Apart from serving a reminder to the wearer to restrict head and neck motions, depending on design and fit, a particular orthosis may impose forces to position the head, […]