Galeazzi fracture-dislocations is a fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. The ulnar shaft is intact. A fracture of distal radius Galeazzi-equivalent fracture is a distal radial fracture with a distal ulnar physeal fracture 2. Most of these fractures are seen in children, with a peak incidence […]
Hand and Upper Limb
Monteggia Fracture Causes, Types, Presentation and Treatment
Monteggia fracture-dislocations consist of a fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the ulnar shaft with concomitant dislocation/instability of the radial head. Often the ulnar fracture is obvious but radial head dislocation may be subtle and prone to be overlooked. Therefore high injury of suspicion is required for correct diagnosis and it is important to view […]
Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome Features and Treatment
Ulnar tunnel syndrome is neuropathy [disease or dysfunction of nerve] of the ulnar nerve caused by compression in Guyon’s canal or the ulnar canal or ulnar tunnel. Guyon’s canal is a longitudinal space in the wrist which allows passage of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve into the hand. Guyon was a French Urologist who […]
Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation). It is a mallet finger type injury. It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common. […]
Terry Thomas Sign and Its Significance
Terry Thomas sign is an important sign on wrist x-rays that indicate a type of wrist injury. It refers to an increase in the scapholunate space on an AP radiograph of the wrist or coronal CT scan. The increased distance indicates scapholunate dissociation and often can be associated with rotary subluxation of the scaphoid. The […]
Nonidiopathic Scoliosis – Types and Causes
Idiopathic structural scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis. Rest of the scoliosis types are grouped under the term nonidiopathic scoliosis. Nonstructural scoliosis has the lateral curvature but there is no structural abnormality in the spine. The curvature is in response to habit or a disease process like inflammation. Postural scoliosis is a type […]
Normal Wrist X-ray
Wrist x-rays are commonly done for wrist injuries and other wrist ailments. Wrist x-rays are only able to tell about the status of carpal bones radiocarpal joint Carpometacarpal joint Distal radius Ulna In clinical practice, the common x-ray views of the wrist are posteroanterior and lateral. Oblique radiographs are included to increase sensitivity to carpal, metacarpal, […]
Distal clavicle Osteolysis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Distal clavicle osteolysis refers to the process causing resorption of subchondral bone in the distal clavicle [lateral calvicle], often caused by repetitive strain injury and microfracture, and presenting as pain in the acromioclavicular joint. Distal clavicle osteolysis was first described in 1936. Distal clavicle osteolysis is believed to be an underreported and underdiagnosed condition. More […]
Humeral Avulsion of Glenohumeral ligament or HAGL
Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament or HAGL refers to avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) from its humeral insertion. When it is associated with a bony avulsion fracture, it is called as bony humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (BHAGL lesion). Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament is often seen in young men engaged in contact sports […]
Axillary Nerve Injury – Causes, Effects and Treatment
Axillary nerve injury can result either from compression of the axillary nerve or traumatic injury resulting from traction, direct trauma or from injections. As deltoid is the muscle that is being supplied along with skin over the deltoid area, the axillary nerve injury causes deltoid muscle paralysis and numbness over the region. Axillary nerve injury is […]