Serratus anterior paralysis is a condition that characterized by pain, loss of shoulder movement and winging of scapula owing to damage or injury of the long thoracic nerve. This nerve evolves from the roots of neck vertebrae (C5-C7) and supplies to serratus anterior muscle that retains the scapula bone to the chest wall. Long thoracic […]
Hand and Upper Limb
Scapular Winging – Causes, Types and Treatment
Scapular winging or winged scapula refers to a dysfunction involving the stabilizing muscles of the scapula resulting in imbalance and abnormal motion of the scapula and causing protrusion or prominence of scapula bone. Winging of the scapula is a rare but potentially debilitating condition that can affect the ability to lift, pull, and push heavy […]
Scapulothoracic Dissociation – Presentation and Management
Scapulothoracic dissociation refers to complete separation of the scapula and the upper extremity from the thoracic attachments. It was defined as a complete disruption of the scapulothoracic articulation with lateral scapular displacement and intact skin by Oereck in 1984 who is credited with its first report. It is also called traumatic forequarter amputation with intact […]
Scapular Dyskinesis – Causes, Tests and Treatment
Scapular dyskinesis is a term that denotes loss of control of normal scapular motion, physiology or mechanics. It is also called sometimes as scapular dyskinesia but dyskinesis is said to be a better term as dyskinesia is applied to abnormal active movements mediated by neurological factors e.g. tardive dyskinesia. Dyskinesis is a finding in the examination […]
Swimmer’s Shoulder Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Swimmer’s shoulder is an umbrella term covering a range of painful shoulder in the competitive swimmer lead to a spectrum of overuse injuries seen in the swimmer’s shoulder, the most common of which is rotator cuff tendinitis. Shoulder pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint in swimming with swimmer’s shoulder. Reports of incidence of disabling shoulder pain […]
Acro-osteolysis Causes and Features
Acro-osteolysis is an osteolysis of the distal phalanges of the hands and feet. It can affect the terminal tuft [transverse acro-osteolysis] or the shaft of the distal phalanx (band acro-osteolysis). Acro-osteolysis is often associated with distal digital ischemia, digital calcinosis, or severe sensory neuropathy. It has been associated with occupational activities, infections, rheumatic disorders (systemic […]
Palindromic Rheumatism – Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment
Palindromic rheumatism is recurrent arthritis characterized by episodes of painful swelling of one [usually] or more joints for hours to days often without any obvious triggers or warning symptoms. Any joint(s) may be affected, but finger joints, wrists, and knees are most commonly affected Between episodes, people with palindromic rheumatism have no symptoms and the time between […]
Scaphoid Fractures – Classification, Presentation and Treatment
The scaphoid is most frequently fractured carpal bone. Scaphoid fractures account for up to 15% of acute wrist injuries and 50% to 80% of carpal fractures. Scaphoid fractures have been reported in people aged 10-70 years but commonly occur in young, active individuals, peak incidence being in the second and third decades of life. Scaphoid […]
Scapholunate Instability [Scapholunate Ligament Injury]
Scapholunate instability is a spectrum of wrist instabilities that have occult scapholunate interosseous ligaments sprains on one side and scapholunate advanced collapse on the other side. Often the term is used interchangeably with scapholunate dissociation but in a strict sense, the scapholunate dissociation is one of the types of scapholunate instability. To summarize, acute disruption […]
Allen Test – Details and Uses
Allen Test is done to check the patency of radial and ulnar arteries. This important test has many uses in clinical practice. One of the common use is before drawing the arterial blood gas to determine if both vessels are patent.