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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

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Hand and Upper Limb

Swimmer’s Shoulder Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Swimmer's shoulder

Swimmer’s shoulder is an umbrella term covering a range of painful shoulder in the competitive swimmer lead to a spectrum of overuse injuries seen in the swimmer’s shoulder, the most common of which is rotator cuff tendinitis. Shoulder pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint in swimming with swimmer’s shoulder. Reports of incidence of disabling shoulder pain […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Postoperative Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation of Wrist Injuries

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Wrist Physical Therapy - Grip Exercises

Wrist injuries or carpal injuries are often associated with some loss of range of motion. Effective and appropriate and effective physical therapy and rehabilitation can limit the amount of disability a patient sustains. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation after wrist surgery is achieving a stable and pain-free joint that has sufficient mobility and strength to […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Acro-osteolysis Causes and Features

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Acroosteolysis clinical image and x-rays

Acro-osteolysis is an osteolysis of the distal phalanges of the hands and feet. It can affect the terminal tuft [transverse acro-osteolysis] or the shaft of the distal phalanx (band acro-osteolysis). Acro-osteolysis is often associated with distal digital ischemia, digital calcinosis, or severe sensory neuropathy. It has been associated with occupational activities, infections, rheumatic disorders (systemic […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Palindromic Rheumatism – Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Comparative view of Palindromic Rheumatism as compared to normal

Palindromic rheumatism is recurrent arthritis characterized by episodes of painful swelling of one [usually] or more joints for hours to days often without any obvious triggers or warning symptoms. Any joint(s) may be affected, but finger joints, wrists, and knees are most commonly affected Between episodes, people with palindromic rheumatism have no symptoms and the time between […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Scaphoid Fractures – Classification, Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Classification of scaphoid fractures

The scaphoid is most frequently fractured carpal bone. Scaphoid fractures account for up to 15% of acute wrist injuries and 50% to 80% of carpal fractures. Scaphoid fractures have been reported in people aged 10-70 years but commonly occur in young, active individuals,  peak incidence being in the second and third decades of life. Scaphoid […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Scapholunate Instability [Scapholunate Ligament Injury]

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Terry Thomas Sign In Wrsit

Scapholunate instability is a spectrum of wrist instabilities that have occult scapholunate interosseous ligaments sprains on one side and scapholunate advanced collapse on the other side. Often the term is used interchangeably with scapholunate dissociation but in a strict sense, the scapholunate dissociation is one of the types of scapholunate instability. To summarize, acute disruption […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Allen Test – Details and Uses

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Modified Allen Test

Allen Test is done to check the patency of radial and ulnar arteries. This important test has many uses in clinical practice. One of the common use is before drawing the arterial blood gas to determine if both vessels are patent.

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Wrist Instability Types, Diagnosis and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Radiolunate Angle

Wrist Instability or carpal instability occurs when takes wrist is damaged by trauma, chronic inflammation or anatomical alterations like ulnar variance and neoplasms. Injuries to the ligaments of the wrist represent a broad spectrum of pathology. There are a number of ligaments of the wrist maintaining a complex articulation of carpal bones. Ligament injuries are […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Perilunate Injuries – Perilunate Dislocations and Perilunate Fracture Dislocations

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Stage I and II of Perilunate injuries

Perilunate injuries which include perilunate dislocations and perilunate fracture-dislocations are the most devastating closed injuries of the wrist that involve traumatic rupture of the radioscaphocapitate ligament, the scapholunate interosseous ligament, and the lunotriquetral interosseous ligament.  Because the lunate is strongly bound to the radius and ulna by the palmar capsular ligaments, in severe injuries the […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

Wrist Biomechanics and Mechanism of Wrist Injuries

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Fracture of scaphoid

Wrist biomechanics and function of the human wrist joint are unique. The wrist joint is a diarthrodial joint composed of two rows of carpal bones. The proximal row articulates with the distal articular surface of the radius, which consists of the scaphoid fossa and the lunate, fossa. The distal surface of the scaphoid, lunate, and […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb

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Approach to renal rickets

Renal Rickets

Renal rickets is the term used for rickets where the primary cause is not vitamin D deficiency but a renal disease leading to events that cause rickets or osteomalacia. [More about rickets] [More on Osteomalacia] Renal rickets is known by various names. Renal dwarfism, renal pseudorickets, and renal osteitis fibrosa cystica are forms of renal-caused […]

Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale

Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale is used to  evaluate the outcomes of knee ligament surgery  in patients The first version of this was published in 1982. The present scale includes  8 items Limp Support Locking Instability Pain Swelling Stair climbing Squatting Apart from knee ligament injury, the score can be used for meniscal tears, knee cartilage […]

femur bone

Femur Anatomy and Attachments

The femur is also called the thigh bone and is the longest and strongest bone of the body. It is composed of an upper end, a lower end and a shaft. The upper and bears a rounded head, whereas the lower end is widely expanded to from two large condyles. The head is directed medially. The […]

Hawkins Classification of Talar Neck Fractures

Talar Neck Fractures Causes and Management

Talar neck fractures are a most common fracture of talus and account for about 50% of the talar fractures. Talar neck fractures are high high-energy injuries which are usually caused by forced dorsiflexion with the axial load. Ipsilateral lower extremity fractures common with these fractures. Anatomy of Talus Read about anatomy of talus. Talus consists […]

Ergonomic chairs reduce the stress on the ailing parts

Ergonomic Chair Features, Types and Uses

An ergonomic chair is a chair designed in the way it provides maximum comfort during sitting and properly supports the posture, weight and lumbar while sitting. Though design-wise, ergonomic chairs cater to a range of people, one may need to try more than one model to find a design that suits. Moreover, chairs may not suit every task […]

Xray of Charcot Joint of Foot

Charcot Joint Disease

Charcot joint or Charcot arthropathy is the name given to neuropathic joint disease is a condition that causes progressive destruction of bone and soft tissues of joints especially weight-bearing joints and may also cause disruption of the bony architecture. Charcot joint disease can occur at any joint but most commonly in the lower extremity, at […]

complications-of-bone-grafting

Bone Grafts – Types, Mechanism, Techniques and Complications

Bone grafts are used to repair and rebuild diseased bones in your hips, knees, spine, and sometimes other bones and joints. A bone graft transplants bone tissue. Grafts can also repair bone loss caused by some types of fractures or cancers. Once your body accepts the bone graft, it provides a framework for the growth […]

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