Hand and Upper Limb

Allen Test is done to check the patency of radial and ulnar arteries. This important test has many uses in clinical practice. One of the common use is before drawing the arterial blood gas to determine if both vessels are patent.

Wrist Instability or carpal instability occurs when takes wrist is damaged by trauma, chronic inflammation or anatomical alterations like ulnar variance and neoplasms. Injuries to the ligaments of the wrist represent a broad spectrum of pathology. There are a number of ligaments of the wrist maintaining a complex articulation of carpal bones. Ligament injuries are […]

Perilunate injuries which include perilunate dislocations and perilunate fracture-dislocations are the most devastating closed injuries of the wrist that involve traumatic rupture of the radioscaphocapitate ligament, the scapholunate interosseous ligament, and the lunotriquetral interosseous ligament.  Because the lunate is strongly bound to the radius and ulna by the palmar capsular ligaments, in severe injuries the […]

Wrist biomechanics and function of the human wrist joint are unique. The wrist joint is a diarthrodial joint composed of two rows of carpal bones. The proximal row articulates with the distal articular surface of the radius, which consists of the scaphoid fossa and the lunate, fossa. The distal surface of the scaphoid, lunate, and […]

Callus is hyperkeratotic thickening due to repetitive friction. Presentation of calluses and corns are discussed here. In this article, I am writing about the commonly used terms for different types of calluses. These are vernacular terms and are interesting to note as they try to convey the etiology. Jeweler’s callus or  Cherry Pitter’s thumb or […]

Elbow instability refers to a laxity in the elbow joint that may cause the joint to catch, pop, or slide out of place during certain arm movements. It most often occurs as a result of an injury — typically, an elbow dislocation. The instability associated with elbow injury is called acute elbow instability whereas the […]

Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome in the human body. It is the cause of considerable pain and disability for patients. When appropriately diagnosed, this condition may be treated by both conservative and operative means. In this review, the current thinking on this important and common condition is discussed […]

Osteitis pubis is an inflammation of the pubic symphysis and surrounding muscle insertions and is characterized by sclerosis and bony changes of the pubic symphysis. It is a known complication of pelvic surgeries and also occurs in athletes. it is rarely encountered in the children. Men are more infected and the disorder is most commonly […]

Volkmann ischemic contracture or Volkmann contracture is a permanent shortening of forearm muscles which occur following injury and results in a claw-like deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist. Volkmann ischemic contracture is more common in children. A similar condition can occur in the foot. It was first described by Richard von Volkmann in 1875. […]

Carpal tunnel syndrome refers to symptoms and signs that occur due to compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, an osteofascial tunnel in the wrist. It is the most common form of compressive neuropathy of the median nerve causing numbness, paresthesias, and pain in the median nerve distribution in the hand. Anterior interosseous […]