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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

Inflammatory Back Pain – Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

In this article
    • Features of Inflammatory Back Pain
    • Lab Investigations
    • Imaging
    • Treatment

Inflammatory back pain is the back pain which occurs due to inflammation of spinal joints and affects 1-2 in every thousand people. Mechanical back pain is the most common cause of back pain. This is different from the back pain from the mechanical causes.

Commonly affected joints are the sacroiliac joints but other parts of the spine are affected as well. Large peripheral joints can as well be affected.

Inflammatory back pain is most commonly associated with ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathies like psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter syndrome, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies.

Over the time the inflammatory back pain may cause ankylosis.

inflammatory back pain

One of the most difficult challenges associated with inflammatory back pain is diagnosis making in patients presenting with inflammatory back pain because of overlap of symptoms with other causes of back pain. There is a delay in the presentation of a patient with back pain and reaching a definitive diagnosis. It is because most of the investigations in the early period of presentation are normal.

Features of Inflammatory Back Pain

Inflammatory back pain is characterized by

  • The pain is insidious in onset
  • The back pain is more than 3 months duration
  • There is early morning back pain and stiffness which continues for one hour. The pain and stiffness get better after that.
  • The exercise improves pain.
  • Pain improves with exercise
  • Pain occurs in young persons. Typical age of onset is less than 45 years but symptoms can begin as early as 15 years of age.
  • Tenderness over SI joint. One or both joints may be affected.
  • Men much more often affected than women.
  • Strong genetic association with the gene HLAB27.

Lab Investigations

Routine lab tests may show inflammation – ESR and CRP are elevated. HLA B27 is positive in the majority of the patients.

HLA B27 stands for Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 and is a surface antigen that presents antigenic peptides to T cells, the body’s natural defense cells. HLA-B27 is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis, and other associated inflammatory diseases referred to as spondyloarthropathies.

It is not entirely clear how HLA-B27 influences disease.

Imaging

X-rays are essentially normal in early phases of diseases causing inflammatory back pain. Arthritic changes of the involved joints [for example sacroiliac joints] can be noticed in the later course of the disease.

MRI of the spine is able to find the joint inflammation much earlier and is an investigation of choice in patients with symptoms suggestive of inflammatory back pain.

Treatment

The first objective in a patient with inflammatory back pain is to reach the definitive diagnosis. This may be delayed for various reasons.

The patient is put on medication to control inflammation such as NSAIDs. The patient should also be put on exercises to maintain spinal function, initially under the supervision of a physiotherapist and then independently.

When a definite diagnosis is reached at, the patient is treated accordingly.

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Filed Under: Foot Ankle

About Dr Arun Pal Singh

Arun Pal Singh is an orthopedic and trauma surgeon, founder and chief editor of this website. He works in Kanwar Bone and Spine Clinic, Dasuya, Hoshiarpur, Punjab.

This website is an effort to educate and support people and medical personnel on orthopedic issues and musculoskeletal health.

You can follow him on Facebook, Linkedin and Twitter

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. Jitendra Kumar says

    October 7, 2017 at 12:49 pm

    Sir my brother is very serious condition 7days unki spine &C3toC7 disk damage please situations this case sir please help me

  2. Dr Arun Pal Singh says

    October 9, 2017 at 4:27 pm

    Jitendra,

    As for as treatment is concerned, you need to see a doctor in person. I cannot do that for you. If you widh to ask something, then please ask for that specifically.
    Take care.

  3. marremee says

    November 26, 2017 at 9:45 pm

    help sir, may boyfriend always suffer for his back pain and his back is not the same the left side is higer then the right side. what should we do?

  4. Dr Arun Pal Singh says

    December 12, 2017 at 11:46 am

    Please see a doctor.

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