Proximal femur fractures are fractures that occur in the femur in the hip region. These fractures are further divided into different subsets depending on the specific site involved. Proximal femur fractures tend to occur in two populations – in older patients where these result from low energy trauma in osteoporotic bones and in younger patients […]
Lower Extremities
Subtrochanteric Fractures Femur- Presentation and Treatment
Subtrochanteric fractures are fractures of proximal femur below lesser trochanter. Subtrochanteric region is typically defined as the area from lesser trochanter to 5cm distal to it. Subtrochanteric fracture is between the lesser trochanter and the isthmus of the femoral shaft. These account for approximately 5% to 34% of all hip fractures. Fractures with an associated […]
Femoral Neck Fractures Presentation and Treatment
Femoral neck fractures or fractures of the neck of the femur are fractures of the proximal femur in the region between head of femur and intertrochanteric line. This region is called neck of femur. These injuries are common in two distinct populations – young and elderly In young patients, femoral neck fractures are also caused […]
Intertrochanteric Fractures Causes, Presentation and Treatment
Intertrochanteric fractures are one of the three types of hip fractures, other two being fractures of the femoral neck and subtrochanteric fractures of femur. A trochanteric hip fracture occurs along the intertrochanteric line which is the line between the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter. Fractures of the femoral neck are proximal or cephalad to […]
Acetabular Fractures Presentation and Treatment
Acetabular fractures are uncommon but important because they involve a major weight-bearing joint in the lower extremity. Being intraarticular fractures, these fractures require anatomical reduction for good long-term function of the hip joint. A failure to achieve anatomical reduction could lead to the breakdown of the cartilage surface due to articular incongruity present leading to degenerative […]
Congenital Talipes Equinovarus or Club Foot
Congenital talipes equinovarus or club foot or CTEV as it is often known as is a congenital deformity affecting single foot or both. Club foot may result from a bony, a muscular or a neuropathic error, or maybe termed idiopathic. Idiopathic club foot is the most frequent and unless specified otherwise, the term congenital talipes […]
Knee Pain Causes and Treatment
Knee pain is one of the common complaints that people seek consultation for. Knee pain can be acute or chronic. Acute knee pains can be caused by an acute injury or infection. Chronic knee pains could follow an episode of acute pain but also could start insidiously and progress with time. Repetitive injuries, inflammatory diseases, […]
Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency or PFFD
Proximal femoral focal deficiency is a congenital disorder where the proximal femur is partially absent, and the entire limb is shortened. It is a rare disorder and affects 1-4 person per 50,000. It is also known as the congenital femoral deficiency. Cause and Pathophysiology The exact cause of proximal femoral deficiency is not known but […]
Fibular Hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia or congenital absence of fibula is now known as a fibular deficiency. It causes anteromedial bowing of tibia. But it is still popularly known as fibular hemimelia and is characterized by the absence of fibula varying from minimal shortening of the fibula to its complete absence. Fibular hemimelia is rare and expression may […]
Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury of Knee
Lateral collateral ligament injury occurs in the knee following a varus force across the knee. This may occur due to a blow to the medial side of the knee or a force that causes hyperextension of the knee. The lateral collateral ligament is the ligament of the knee that originates close to the lateral epicondyle and […]