The anterior knee pain scale is a patient-reported assessment of symptoms and functional limitations in patellofemoral disorders. It was first published in 1993 by Kujala et al. The questions on the Kujala questionnaire add to total of100 points. Anterior knee pain results in significant symptoms and activity limitations. The anterior knee pain scale is a […]
Lower Limb
Bunion [Hallux Valgus]- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Bunion is a bony bump, often painful, enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint). Bunion is a foot deformity, usually associated with hallux valgus [hallux refers to the great toe, “valgus” refers to the abnormal angulation of the great toe], a deformity of the toe […]
Os Vesalianum – The Accessory Bone of Fifth Metatarsal
What is Os Vesalianum Os vesalianum pedis is an accessory bone of the foot located proximal to the fifth metatarsal and found within the peroneus brevis tendon. It is a rare occurrence. The reported incidence is between 0.1% and 0.4%. This ossicle is without any symptoms generally but often can become painful. It is often […]
Hip Pointer Injury – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
A hip pointer refers to a contusion to the iliac crest or the greater trochanter of the femur caused typically by a direct blow or fall. Other involved structures may include the tensor fascia lata, the external oblique muscle and the greater trochanter of the femur. Severe cases may have In severe cases a hematoma, causing […]
Chronic Ankle Instability Causes and Treatment
Chronic ankle instability has is seen in about 20% of people who suffer from acute ankle sprains. It often causes recurrent sprains. About 80% of acute ankle sprains reach full recovery with initial non-operative management, rest develop chronic symptoms resulting in chronic ankle instability. [Please go through Acute ankle sprains to get a better perspective […]
High Ankle Sprains or Syndesmotic Sprains
High ankle sprains, also known as syndesmotic sprains, are sprains of the syndesmotic ligaments that connect distal ends of the tibia and fibula. High ankle sprains [because they are located above the ankle] comprise approximately 15% of all ankle sprains. These injuries are mostly external rotation injuries Most of these occur in conjunction with ankle fractures and rarely in isolated form. […]
Ankle Sprain Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Ankle sprain accounts for up to 40% of all athletic injuries and is most commonly seen in athletes participating in basketball, soccer, running, and ballet/dance. The ankle sprain is usually caused by an inversion-type twisting injury. About eighty percent of acute ankle sprains recover completely, 20% develop mechanical or functional instability resulting in chronic ankle […]
Ankle Pain Causes and Treatment
Ankle pain can originate in ankle joint or surrounding tissues. The ankle joint is a weight-bearing hinged joint and ankle pain can be caused by injury or disease of the ankle joint or surrounding tissues. The present article is a general overview of causes and treatment of ankle pain. Relevant Anatomy [Read detailed anatomy of […]
Bicycle Seat Neuropathy or Cyclist Syndrome
Bicycle seat neuropathy is recurrent perineal numbness in a cyclist after prolonged cycling and carries the risk of impotence in the long run if unchecked. It is also known as pudendal neuralgia or pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome [In stricter sense, Pudendal nerve entrapment could be due to other causes as well.] The injuries and symptoms […]
Accessory Navicular Bone Syndrome
Accessory navicular bone or os tibiale externum, or os naviculare accessorium, is a large accessory ossicle [small bone] that can be present adjacent to the medial side of the navicular bone. The tibialis posterior tendon which normally inserts on the navicular attached to the ossicle when present. An accessory navicular bone is present in 10-12% of the population and first appears in adolescence. […]