Foot Ankle

Bunion is a bony bump, often painful, enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint). Bunion is a foot deformity, usually associated with hallux valgus [hallux refers to the great toe, “valgus” refers to the abnormal angulation of the great toe], a deformity of the toe […]

What is Os Vesalianum Os vesalianum pedis is an accessory bone of the foot located proximal to the fifth metatarsal and found within the peroneus brevis tendon. It is a rare occurrence. The reported incidence is between 0.1% and 0.4%. This ossicle is without any symptoms generally but often can become painful. It is often […]

Chronic ankle instability has is seen in about 20% of people who suffer from acute ankle sprains. It often causes recurrent sprains. About 80% of acute ankle sprains reach full recovery with initial non-operative management, rest develop chronic symptoms resulting in chronic ankle instability. [Please go through Acute ankle sprains to get a better perspective […]

High ankle sprains, also known as syndesmotic sprains, are sprains of the syndesmotic ligaments that connect distal ends of the tibia and fibula. High ankle sprains [because they are located above the ankle] comprise approximately 15% of all ankle sprains. These injuries are mostly external rotation injuries Most of these occur in conjunction with ankle fractures and rarely in isolated form. […]

Ankle sprain accounts for up to 40% of all athletic injuries and is most commonly seen in athletes participating in basketball, soccer, running, and ballet/dance. The ankle sprain is usually caused by an inversion-type twisting injury. About eighty percent of acute ankle sprains recover completely, 20% develop mechanical or functional instability resulting in chronic ankle […]

Ankle pain can originate in ankle joint or surrounding tissues. The ankle joint is a weight-bearing hinged joint and ankle pain can be caused by injury or disease of the ankle joint or surrounding tissues. The present article is a general overview of causes and treatment of ankle pain. Relevant Anatomy [Read detailed anatomy of […]

Accessory navicular bone or os tibiale externum, or os naviculare accessorium, is a large accessory ossicle [small bone] that can be present adjacent to the medial side of the navicular bone. The tibialis posterior tendon which normally inserts on the navicular attached to the ossicle when present. An accessory navicular bone is present in 10-12% of the population and first appears in adolescence. […]

Shoe serves a variety of functional and cosmetic purposes. For the individual with an orthopedic disorder, footwear can be selected to minimize pressure on sensitive, deformed structures. Shoes can be modified to redistribute weight toward pain-free areas to improve the comfort and function of the foot, limb, and trunk. The shoe is also is the […]

Ankle dislocation often occurs with fractures of ankle bones especially malleolar fractures and talar fractures. A significant force is required to dislocate the ankle without the fracture. There is an inherent stability of the tibiotalar joint, therefore dislocation of the ankle joint is rarely seen without an associated fracture. Usually, any dislocations that do occur […]