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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

Hip

Hip Pointer Injury – Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Hip pointer image contusion

A hip pointer refers to a contusion to the iliac crest or the greater trochanter of the femur caused typically by a direct blow or fall.  Other involved structures may include the tensor fascia lata, the external oblique muscle and the greater trochanter of the femur. Severe cases may have In severe cases a hematoma, causing […]

Filed Under: Hip

Neglected Hip Dislocation after Trauma

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Anterior Dislocated Hip

Hip dislocation is a less common injury. Therefore, very little has been written about neglected traumatic hip dislocations. Most of the literature is in form of case reports only. The common causes of a neglected hip dislocation are the presence of a femoral shaft fracture that causes injury being missed. Delay in seeking health care, […]

Filed Under: Hip

Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Slipped Cpper Femoral Epiphysis

Slipped femoral capital epiphysis is the disorder of the proximal femoral physis that leads to slippage of the epiphysis relative to the femoral neck. It is one of commonest hip abnormalities in adolescence. It affects both the hips in about 20% of cases. The incidence for slipped capital femoral epiphysis is about 10 cases per […]

Filed Under: Hip

Proximal Femur Fractures – Presentation and Treatment Approaches

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Subtrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Proximal femur fractures are fractures that occur in the femur in the hip region. These fractures are further divided into different subsets depending on the specific site involved. Proximal femur fractures tend to occur in two populations – in older patients where these result from low energy trauma in osteoporotic bones and in younger patients […]

Filed Under: Hip

Subtrochanteric Fractures Femur- Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Seinsheimer classification of subtrochanteric fractures

Subtrochanteric fractures are fractures of proximal femur below lesser trochanter. Subtrochanteric region is typically defined as the area from lesser trochanter to 5cm distal to it. Subtrochanteric fracture is between the lesser trochanter and the isthmus of the femoral shaft. These account for approximately 5% to 34% of all hip fractures. Fractures with an associated […]

Filed Under: Hip

Femoral Neck Fractures Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Fracture of Neck of Femur In An Old Lady

Femoral neck fractures or fractures of the neck of the femur are fractures of the proximal femur in the region between head of femur and intertrochanteric line. This region is called neck of femur. These injuries are common in two distinct populations – young and elderly In young patients, femoral neck fractures are also caused […]

Filed Under: Hip

Intertrochanteric Fractures Causes, Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

United Intertrochanteric Fractiure WIth Dynamic Hip Screw In Situ

Intertrochanteric fractures are one of the three types of hip fractures, other two being fractures of the femoral neck and subtrochanteric fractures of femur. A trochanteric hip fracture occurs along the intertrochanteric line which is the line between the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter. Fractures of the femoral neck are proximal or cephalad to […]

Filed Under: Hip

Acetabular Fractures Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Classification of Acetabular Fractures

Acetabular fractures are uncommon but important because they involve a major weight-bearing joint in the lower extremity.  Being intraarticular fractures, these fractures require anatomical reduction for good long-term function of the hip joint. A failure to achieve anatomical reduction could lead to the breakdown of the cartilage surface due to articular incongruity present leading to degenerative […]

Filed Under: Hip

Hip Osteoarthritis – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

hip osteoarthritis and normal hip

This article focuses on hip osteoarthritis. For details on Osteoarthritis, read Osteoarthritis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Hip osteoarthritis is common and can result in severe pain and disability. It can make it hard to do everyday activities like bending over to tie a shoe, rising from a chair, or taking a short walk. It is […]

Filed Under: Hip

Snapping Hip Syndrome

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

snapping hip syndrome

In snapping hip syndrome there is an audible snap or click that occurs in or around the hip. Snapping hip syndrome may be called External – Snapping of the iliotibial band or gluteus maximus over the greater trochanter Internal – Snapping of the iliopsoas tendon The condition occurs most often in individuals aged 15-40 years […]

Filed Under: Hip

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Image of Deltoid Fibrosis

Deltoid Fibrosis or Deltoid Contracture

Deltoid fibrosis is a condition where intramuscular fibrous bands within lead to contractures and stiffness of the shoulder joint. Deltoid fibrosis is part of the fibrotic conditions affecting both upper and lower limbs affecting a variable number of limbs. It is seen in people of all ages, but it has been reported primarily in children. […]

Congenital Absence of Tibia

Congenital Absence of Tibia

Absence of tibia is a rare birth defect characterized by a deficiency of the tibia while the other bones of the lower leg relatively intact. The deficiency may occur in one or both legs.  The right side is more commonly affected [72%]. Bilateral occurrence is found in about 30%. The absence of tibia could be […]

An illustration showing how vertebral canal is formed by stacking individual vertebral foramen on each other

Vertebral Canal Anatomy and Contents

Vertebral canal or spinal canal is the long tubular space in the vertebral column formed by contiguous placement of vertebral foramen through which the spinal cord passes along with other contents Vertebral foramina are stacked on one another to form a long canal. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum […]

Classification of Lumbosacral transitional vertebra

Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra or LSTV

Lumbosacral transitional vertebra refers to a spectrum of are congenital spinal anomalies involving L5 and adjacent vertebrae and varies from complete fusion of L5 with the sacrum, called sacralization to complete separation of S1 from the sacrum and present as L6, called lumbarization. When the L5 vertebra fuses completely to the sacrum, 4 lumbar vertebrae […]

Cervical Spine Fusion - Adjacent segment disease is known complication

Adjacent Segment Disease Causes and Treatment

Adjacent Segment Disease is defined as new degenerative changes at a spinal level adjacent to a surgically treated level or levels in the spine, leading to symptoms of radiculopathy, myelopathy, or instability. It is denoted as ASDis This condition may or may not result in any symptoms. The term adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) is used […]

standing posture

Posture and Postural Defects of Spine

Posture can be defined as the relationship of the parts of the body to the line of the center of gravity. The posture is a gauge of the mechanical efficiency of the neuromusculoskeletal system in the erect position. A normal person may have different postures of standing and sitting. These unusual postures can over time […]

Degrees of freedom Knee

Normal Biomechanics of Knee and Movements

Knee allows locomotion with minimum energy requirements from the muscles and stability for accommodating for different terrains. The knee joint has biomechanical roles in allowing gait by flexing and rotating and at the same time, provides stability during the activities of daily life. It shortens and extends lower limb as required and transmits forces across […]

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