Lower Limb

Foot X-ray – Normal Findings

Normal Foot Xray Xrays are basic investigations for orthopedic problems. To find the abnormal one must have an idea of normal. This is how a normal foot x-ray looks like. The present image shows an anteroposterior and oblique view x-ray of the left foot. On the left side of the plate, there is an oblique […]

Synovial Fluid Analysis and Interpretation

Synovial fluid analysis is often done to aid in the diagnosis of joint inflammation, pain, swelling, and/or fluid accumulation. It is withdrawn from the joint by a procedure called arthrocentesis. What is Synovial Fluid? The synovial fluid or joint fluid is present in all joints or diarthroses. The articular surfaces of the synovial joints are […]

Eponymous Fractures and Other Popular Fracture Names

Many fractures in orthopedics are known by their discoverers. These are called eponymous fractures. It is common practice to use these eponymous fracture. Eponyms are widespread throughout medicine. The use of eponymous fractures may not be scientific communication but it allow concise description injury pattern. The drawback of eponymous fractures usage is that both sides […]

Meniscal Tear Causes, Presentation and Treatment

Meniscal injuries or meniscal tear are common sports-related injury among adults. These are less common in skeletally immature persons and very rare in children younger than 10 years. The injuries are more common in males than females. The second peak of incidence is observed in elderly persons older than 55 years secondary to the degenerate […]

Head Halter Traction- Use and Complications

Head halter traction or cervical halter is a type of spinal traction used in cervical ailments and injuries. It is similar to skin traction used on the limbs and is based on the same principles. The head halter traction is provided by using head halter traction devices which produce an effect of stretching the neck […]

Xrays of Elbow Injuries

Elbow injuries are very common in adults and children. The treatment of injuries depend on the pattern of injury and age of the patient along with many other factors. Following are various xrays of elbow injuries in adults and children Image 1 – Xray of Operated Fracture Lateral Condyle in a Child The image today […]

Anatomy of Muscles of Arm

The region between the shoulder joint and the elbow joint is called the upper arm or arm. That between elbow and wrist is called forearm. Brachium and antebrachium are anatomical terms for arm and forearm respectively but are not used that commonly. Muscles of arm can be classified as that of a flexor compartment or […]

Neurogenic Claudication – Risks, Pathophysiology and Treatment

Neurogenic claudication, also called pseudoclaudication, is a common symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis due to causing impingement or inflammation of the spinal nerves Claudication refers to an impairment in walking or pain, discomfort, numbness, or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest. The word claudication comes from the Latin claudicare meaning ‘to limp’. Thus, it is […]

Lower Limb

Foot X-ray – Normal Findings

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Orthopedic Splints – Principles, Types and Use

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