Lower Limb

Baker cyst or popliteal cyst is a soft-tissue swelling in the posterior aspect of the knee which contains gelatinous fluid. It is called Baker Cyst after Dr. William Morrant Baker who first described it. Most common location of Baker cyst is distal the popliteal crease under the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. These conditions […]

Synovial chondromatosis is a synovial disease where synovium has foci of cartilage tissue. These could be found in the synovial lining of joint, tendon sheath and bursae. These ectopic foci of cartilage can result in painful joint effusions and, on the generation of loose bodies, mechanical symptoms. It is also known as Reichel’s syndrome or […]

Recurrent dislocation of the patella is not a common entity. It may be congenital, developmental, or post-traumatic. In contrast, recurrent subluxation of the patella is quite common. It is more common in females. Causes of  Recurrent Dislocation of Patella Ligaments Laxity In children with diseases that cause ligamentous laxity (e.g. osteogenesis imperfecta, arachnodactyly, or the […]

The normal meniscus of the knee is semilunar in shape. In discoid meniscus, the meniscus of the knee is discoid rater than semilunar in shape.  This is a common cause of popping or snapping knee. The lateral meniscus is most frequently affected, though, on occasion, the condition may occur in the medial meniscus. Involvement is […]

The occurrence in joints of a variety of types of loose bodies has long been recognized. Practically every joint in the body has been reported as containing such bodies, but they are most frequently found in the knee joint. The loose bodies have been classified according to their composition. But it should be understood that […]