• Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer
  • General Ortho
  • Procedures
  • Spine
  • Upper Limb
  • Lower Limb
  • Pain
  • Trauma
  • Tumors
  • Newsletter/Updates
  • About Us
  • Contact Us

Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

Lower Limb

Surgical Approaches to Hip and Proximal Femur

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Watson jones approach of hip

For surgery, the hip can be approached by many surgical approaches. The choice of particular approach is based on the procedure and need for exposure of a particular part, associated shaft or acetabular fixation and the preference of the surgeon. There are numerous approaches and some are modifications of original approaches. Most of the approaches […]

Filed Under: Lower Limb

Posterior Cruciate Ligament injury or PCL Injury

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

posterior cruciate ligament injury

Posterior cruciate ligament injury or PCL injury is less common than the anterior cruciate ligament injury.  A posterior cruciate ligament tear may result in disability ranging from no impairment to severe impairment. The primary function of the PCL is to prevent posterior translation of the tibia on the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament is also important […]

Filed Under: Knee

Calcaneus Fracture – Causes, Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Anatomy of Calcaneus

Calcaneus fracture or os calcis represent 2% of all fractures seen in adults. The os calcis is the most frequently fractured tarsal bone and accounts for more than 60% of tarsal fractures. Calcaneus is the bone that forms the heel. Calcaneus fractures are most commonly seen in young men. Extra-articular fractures account for 30% of […]

Filed Under: Foot Ankle, Trauma

Genu Recurvatum or Knee Hyperextension

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Genu Recurvatum in a child

Genu recurvatum is a deformity in the knee  where the knee angulates backwards because of hyperextension occurs in the tibiofemoral joint [the knee goes further into extension beyond the neutral] Genu recurvatum is also called knee hyperextension and back knee. Depending upon hyperextension, the recurvatum could be mild, moderate or severe. The normal range of motion of the knee joint is from […]

Filed Under: Knee

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury or ACL Injury

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

anterior cruciate ligament injury

Anterior cruciate ligament injury is a very common injury of the knee. It may occur in isolation or along with other soft tissue or bony injury of the knee. Anterior cruciate ligament injury or ACL injury most commonly results from a low velocity, noncontact deceleration injuries or pivoting injuries and contact injuries with a rotational […]

Filed Under: Knee

Trochlear Dysplasia of Femur

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

trochlear bump measurement

Trochlear dysplasia refers to a pathologic alteration in the shape of the femoral trochlea. Trochlea is also called facies patellaris, intercondylar groove, or intercondylar sulcus. Normal trochlea is sufficiently concave to guide and retain the patella throughout the normal range of movement. However trochlear dysplasia may cause the groove to be shallower than normal or […]

Filed Under: Knee

Patellar Translation or TT TG Distance

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Calculation of Tibial Tuberosity - Trochlear Groove Distance

Patellar translation is the distance between tibial tubercle and trochlear groove and is also called TT-TG distance. It is measured on CT or MRI by overlapping or superimposing axial images of the femoral condyles and tibial tuberosity. The measurements are used to quantify patellar instability. The position of the tibial tubercle is crucial for the inferolateral force […]

Filed Under: Knee

Patellar Instability – Causes, Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Patella ligament stabilizers

Patellar instability or Patellofemoral instability is a frequent cause of symptoms of anterior knee pain and episodes of mechanical instability. It is also called patellar subluxation syndrome. There is a difference between symptoms of instability and patellar dislocation, though the former may cause the latter to happen. The term can denote a sign on physical examination or […]

Filed Under: Knee

Patella Baja or Low Lying Patella

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Different ratios for calculating patellar height

Patella Baja or patella infera is an abnormally low lying patella [compare with patella alta, the high riding patella]. It is associated with a restricted range of motion, crepitations, and retropatellar pain. Patella baja could be congenital, acquired, or a combination of the two is commonly encountered in total knee arthroplasty. Any cause that would lead to […]

Filed Under: Knee

Patella Alta Causes, Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Camelback Sign Patella Alta

Patella alta, or a high riding patella, is a situation where the position of the patella is considered high in relation to distal femur. It may be idiopathic or may result secondary to an injury or disease process. The patella is up and above the knee joint instead of a normal position in the groove. As […]

Filed Under: Knee

  • « Go to Previous Page
  • Go to page 1
  • Go to page 2
  • Go to page 3
  • Go to page 4
  • Interim pages omitted …
  • Go to page 13
  • Go to Next Page »

Primary Sidebar

Accessory bone Os velanium of the foot

Os Vesalianum – The Accessory Bone of Fifth Metatarsal

What is Os Vesalianum Os vesalianum pedis is an accessory bone of the foot located proximal to the fifth metatarsal and found within the peroneus brevis tendon. It is a rare occurrence. The reported incidence is between 0.1% and 0.4%. This ossicle is without any symptoms generally but often can become painful. It is often […]

Calcific Tendinitis caused By Hydroxyapatite deposition disease, Image Wikipedia GNU License

Calcium Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease [Calcific Tendinitis]

Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease is a condition where there is a deposition of calcium phosphate crystals, mainly hydroxyapatite in the soft tissues around the joint. The depositions occur, especially in tendons. The condition is commonly known as calcific tendinitis and seen when the deposition involves supraspinatus tendon. But the deposits also occur in structures other […]

Iliopsoas Tendinitis

Iliopsoas Tendonitis Presentation and Treatment

Iliopsoas tendonitis or tendinitis is an inflammation of the tendon or surrounding tissue caused mainly by acute trauma and overuse due to repetitive hip flexion. Iliopsoas tendinitis and iliopsoas bursitis are closely interrelated because inflammation of one inevitably causes inflammation of the other because of the proximity of two structures. These two conditions are also […]

Gull wing deformity erosive osteoarthritis

Erosive Osteoarthritis Causes and Treatment

An erosive osteoarthritis is a form of osteoarthritis with additional erosive or inflammatory phenomena though the patients are negative for rheumatoid factor negative. It most commonly affects the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand. The first carpometacarpal joint is affected less frequently. Joints of the foot are affected less commonly. Joints such as […]

xray of cervical spine in flexion position

Cervical Spine Instability

Cervical spine instability is defined as the loss of ability of cervical spine under physiological loads to maintain relationships between vertebrae in such a way, that spinal cord or nerve roots are not damaged or irritated and deformity or pain does not develop. While most of the definition is explanatory, the key term to remember […]

Congenital scoliosis is type of nonidiopathic scoliosis Image Credit: SRS

Nonidiopathic Scoliosis – Types and Causes

Idiopathic structural scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis. Rest of the scoliosis types are grouped under the term nonidiopathic scoliosis. Nonstructural scoliosis has the lateral curvature but there is no structural abnormality in the spine. The curvature is in response to habit or a disease process like inflammation. Postural scoliosis is a type […]

Schartzker classification of Tibial Plateau

Tibial Plateau Fractures

Tibial plateau fractures signify periarticular fractures of the proximal tibia frequently associated with soft tissue injuries. These fractures, being in load-bearing area affect knee alignment, stability, and motion. Appropriate treatment of these fractures is critical to minimize disability and reducing the risk of complications like posttraumatic arthritis. Most of these injuries are the motor vehicle–related […]

Browse Articles

Footer

Pages

  • About
    • Policies
    • Contact Us

Featured Article

Osteon or Haversian System and Its Significance

The osteon is the basic building block and fundamental functional unit of compact bone.It is also called a Haversian system, named after Clopton … [Read More...] about Osteon or Haversian System and Its Significance

Search Articles

© Copyright: BoneAndSpine.com