Lower limb orthoses are advised for a variety of dysfunctions of the lower limb. Most of the lower limb orthoses use prefabricated components which are made of either stainless steel or aluminum. Stainless steel is more durable but aluminum is lighter. Below Knee Orthoses Below knee orthosis has a primary function of controlling ankle joint. It […]
Lower Limb
Genu Varum or Bow Legs Causes and Treatment
This gives the limb an overall the appearance of an archer’s bow. This condition may present from infancy through adulthood and has a variety of causes. The problem may be unilateral which would result in functional leg length discrepancy or bilateral. It is interesting to note that almost all babies are born bow-legged. By the time […]
Components of Orthopedic Shoes
Shoe serves a variety of functional and cosmetic purposes. For the individual with an orthopedic disorder, footwear can be selected to minimize pressure on sensitive, deformed structures. Shoes can be modified to redistribute weight toward pain-free areas to improve the comfort and function of the foot, limb, and trunk. The shoe is also is the […]
Posterolateral Corner Injury of Knee
The posterolateral corner injury is commonly associated with anterior cruciate or posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Isolated injuries to posterolateral corner are rare. The injury usually occurs by a blow to the anteromedial knee, a varus blow to the flexed knee, hyperextension injuries and knee dislocation. Peroneal nerve injuries are commonly associated. Once referred to as […]
Genu Valgum Causes, Evaluation and Treatment
The term genu valgum or valgus knee is used to describe knock-knee deformity. Knock-knee deformity is commonly seen as-as a passing trait in otherwise healthy children but some individuals retain or develop this deformity due to hereditary, metabolic or other causes. As genu valgum is a normal physiologic process in children, therefore it is critical […]
Segond fracture and Reverse Segond Fracture
Segond fracture is a type of the lateral condyle of the tibia, immediately beyond its articular surface. It is a type of avulsion fracture. An avulsion fracture is a fracture that occurs due to soft tissue pull on the bone resulting in breakage of the chip of bone. In most of the cases, Segond fracture […]
Percutaneous fixation of Medial Malleolus Fracture
This article depicts the percutaneous fixation of medial malleolus fracture. The fracture was the vertical type and minimally displaced. The patient had a history of twisting of ankle and broke medial malleolus. Following is the anterior and posterior x-rays of ankle showing the medial malleolus x-ray. Being an active adult patient and considering the configuration […]
Knee Dislocation Presentation and Treatment
Knee dislocation is a relatively rare injury, representing about 0.2% of all orthopedic injuries. Because of association with neural and vascular injury, is important to be recognized. A missed injury could lead to loss of limb. Motor vehicle collision or fall from height are usual causes. A dashboard injury resulting in axial load to the […]
Meniscal Tear Causes, Presentation and Treatment
Meniscal injuries or meniscal tear are common sports-related injury among adults. These are less common in skeletally immature persons and very rare in children younger than 10 years. The injuries are more common in males than females. The second peak of incidence is observed in elderly persons older than 55 years secondary to the degenerate […]
Ankle Dislocation Without Fracture
Ankle dislocation often occurs with fractures of ankle bones especially malleolar fractures and talar fractures. A significant force is required to dislocate the ankle without the fracture. There is an inherent stability of the tibiotalar joint, therefore dislocation of the ankle joint is rarely seen without an associated fracture. Usually, any dislocations that do occur […]