The wrist is a complex joint formed by a collection of multiple bones and joints bridges the hand to the forearm. It is an ellipsoidal joint. The bones comprising the wrist include Distal ends of the radius and ulna 8 carpal bones Proximal portions of the 5 metacarpal bones Wrist carries complex articulations that allow […]
Anatomy
Normal Alignment of Lower Limb – Axes, Joint Orientation and Angles
To understand the deformities of lower limb, it is important to grasp and establish the parameters defining normal alignment. The alignment of the lower limb is governed by arrangement of femur, tibia, hip, knee, and ankle. To understand it netter the complex three-dimensional shapes of bones and joints can be simplified to basic line drawings […]
Blumensaat Line and Its Significance
Blumensaat line is a line which corresponds to the roof of the intercondylar fossa of femur as seen on a lateral radiograph of the knee joint. It is drawn on lateral projection x-ray of the knee. Blumensaat line is important because the angle that it forms on the radiograph with various other lines can be used to determine the position of the patella […]
Knee Ligaments and Other Knee Stabilizers
Knee is a diarthrodial joint. It is a superficial joint and large weight bearing joint. Because of this it is exposed to multiple forces throughout the day. Inherently knee joint is not very stable, owing to its constituent articular surface which allow for rotation as well as translation during flexion extension movements. The knee is […]
Blood Supply of Talus and Its Significance
Blood supply of talus was described in detail first by Wildenauer in 1950. Since then many researchers have contributed. Talus is one of the few bones where the outcome of injury is affected due to injury to a unique pattern of the blood supply. Avascular necrosis of the talus is common after the injuries […]
Cubital Fossa or Antecubital Fossa Anatomy
Cubital fossa is a triangular depression on the anterior aspect of the elbow marked by the flexion crease of the elbow. it contains passage of vital structures and the landmark anatomy is used in clinical measurements.
Anatomy of Elbow Joint
Elbow joint connects the proper arm to the forearm. It is a synovial joint structurally but functionally is a hinge joint. Elbow joint allows flexion and extension. There are actually three joints at the elbow. Humeroulnar joint – Hinge joint formed between the humerus and the ulna. Allows flexion and extension of the elbow Humeroradial […]
Muscles of Hip
Muscles of hip joint are those muscles that cause movement in the hip. The muscles of the hip consist of four main groups. Gluteal Group The gluteal muscles cover the lateral surface of the ilium and include Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Adductor group This group includes Adductor brevis Adductor longus […]
Hand Anatomy and Function
Hand is the distal functional tool of the upper limb an important organ for day-to-day functions. he human hand is designed for grasping, for precise movements and serving as a tactile organ. Hand anatomy is complex and intricate. This enables hands to do gross as well as precise functions. A total of 27 bones constitute […]
Spaces of Hand – Anatomy and Significance
Spaces of hand are formed by fascia and fascial septae. Fascia and fascial septae of the hand are arranged in such a manner that many spaces are formed. These spaces are important as they can get infected and distended with pus. Important spaces of the hand are Palmar Spaces Pulp space of fingers. Midpalmar space […]