The sacrum is a part of the spine that lies between the fifth segment of the lumbar spine (L5) and the coccyx. Sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae S1-S5 and is triangular in shape. It is part of the pelvic girdle and forms the posterior wall of the pelvis and articulate with iliac bones at […]
Anatomy
Hip Joint Anatomy
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint which connects axial skeleton [pelvis] to lower limb [femur]. The ball of the joint is formed by femoral head, and the socket is formed by acetabulum. The acetabulum is formed by the merging of the ossification centers of ilium, ischium and pubis bones of pelvis. The hip […]
Iliotibial Band Anatomy
The iliotibial band is also called iliotibial tract and is a wide sheath of fibrous tissue that surrounds muscles on the lateral aspect of the thigh. It connects hip muscles to the tibia and plays an important part in thigh motion. Origin, Course, and Insertion of Iliotibial Band The iliotibial band is actually a thickening […]
Shoulder Joint Anatomy
The shoulder is actually composed of four joints, namely glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint and scapulothoracic joint. In common usage, shoulder joint mostly refers to the glenohumeral joint, the major joint of the shoulder but can also include acromioclavicular joint. The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the human body and responsible […]
Suprascapular Nerve – Anatomy & Clinical Significance
Suprascapular nerve is derived from the upper trunk of brachial plexus and receives fibers from C5 and C6. It is a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers. [Read anatomy of brachial plexus] After it emerges, it sends sensory branches to both the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. It passes downward, laterally deep to the […]
Brachial Plexus Anatomy
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve roots and proceeds through the neck, the axilla, and into the arm. The nerves coming out from this supply upper limb and shoulder girdle. Structure of Brachial Plexus The brachial plexus consists […]
Spinal Nerves Structure, Types and Function
Spinal nerves are the nerves that originate in the spinal cord and form part of the peripheral nervous system. Spinal nerves are mixed types of nerves. A mixed nerve is one which transmits motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In humans, there are 31 spinal nerves on each side […]
Normal Gait Cycle and Abnormalilties of Gait
While the terms gait and walking are often used interchangeably, the word gait refers to the manner or of walking, rather than the actual walking process. When we walk, we make the use of our two legs, alternately, to provide both support and propulsion, with at least one foot being in contact with the ground […]
Different Types of Joints in Body
Joints are locations where bones make contact with each other. Because their function is movement and support, the joints have been modified accordingly to serve the required function. The joints are broadly classified into three categories – fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial. Each category has further subcategories Fibrous Joints These are also called synarthroses or immovable […]
Cortical Bone and Cancellous Bone
Cortical bone and cancellous bone are two types of osseous tissues of the human skeleton which differ in their structure and distribution. The difference in their structures and distribution is designed to carry different functions. What is Cortical Bone Cortical bone refers to the thick outer surface of typically a long bone [for example humerus […]