Pain Management

Pain – Causes, Types, Diagnosis and Treatment

The pain is an unpleasant discomforting sensation caused by injury or disease. Depending on the cause the pain may be acute onset or chronic in nature. The word pain comes from the Latin poena which stands for punishment, as it was considered punishment from Gods. Pain occurs very frequently in the people and often signifies […]

Intramedullary Nailing of Fractures

Intramedullary nailing of the bone involves the use of an intramedullary nail or rod to fix the fractured bone. It is called intramedullary nailing because a metal rod forced into the medullary cavity of a bone to fix the fractures. Intramedullary nailing is commonly used to fix the long bone fractures. As of today, there […]

Radiation Therapy for Tumors

Radiation therapy is a form of cancer treatment which uses high-energy radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, and charged particles to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. The radiation may be delivered by an external machine external-beam radiation therapy or by material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, also called brachytherapy). […]

Head Halter Traction- Use and Complications

Head halter traction or cervical halter is a type of spinal traction used in cervical ailments and injuries. It is similar to skin traction used on the limbs and is based on the same principles. The head halter traction is provided by using head halter traction devices which produce an effect of stretching the neck […]

Orthobiologics – Types and Uses

Orthobiologics Definition Orthobiologics are biological substances that are used to help injuries to heal more quickly. Orthobiologics are used to improve the healing of fractures, injured muscles, tendons and ligaments. Orthobiologics are made from substances that naturally occur in the body. When they are used in higher concentrations, they may help to hasten the healing […]

Baker Cyst or Popliteal Cyst- Prersentation and Treatment

Baker cyst or popliteal cyst is a soft-tissue swelling that contains gelatinous fluid, in the posterior aspect of the knee. It occurs both in adults and children. In adults, the baker cyst communicates frequently with join and is associated with an intraarticular condition like meniscal tears or osteoarthritis. However, in children, this condition often does […]

Maffucci Syndrome Features, Diagnosis and Treatment

Maffucci syndrome is a rare disorder is characterized by enchondromas, bone deformities with venous malformations with or without spindle cell hemangiomas. The condition was first reported by Maffucci in 1881. There is no racial or sexual predilection. It usually manifests early in life, usually around age 4-5 years. About one-fourth of the cases are congenital. But […]

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the overproduction of parathyroid hormone secondary to a chronic abnormal stimulus for its production. In contrast to primary hyperparathyroidism, the parathyroid glands are not abnormal. In contrast, the primary hyperparathyroidism is due to unregulated secretion of parathyroid hormone and is not in response to any stimuli. But secondary hyperparathyroidism is due to […]