The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation). It is a mallet finger type injury. It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common. […]
Pediatric
Eight Plate System for Epiphysiodesis
The Eight-figure plate or eight plate system or simply eight plate consists of the 2-holes plate and the 2 self-tapping screws and is used for control and correction of angular deformities like genu valgum or varus by a performing epiphysiodesis. Blount staples are the traditional most common implant used for hemiepiphysiodesis. This aims at stopping […]
Back Pain in Children
Back pain in children, as compared to an adult is more likely to have a serious underlying disorder. Back pain in children is often due to organic causes, especially if it persists longer than two months. Up to 85% of children with back pain could have a detectable pathology. Therefore, a careful history and a […]
Split Cord Malformation or Diastematomyelia
Split cord malformation is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which a segment of the spinal cord is divided into two parts by a fibrous or rigid bony spur. It was previously known as diastematomyelia (diastema = a cleft, myelos = cord). Split cord malformation can involve any part of the spinal column and sometimes involve […]
Legg Calve Perthes Disease – Clinical Presentation and Treatment
Legg Calve Perthes disease is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area. Legg Calve Perthes disease usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years. Mean age is 7 years. Mostly, the disorder is unilateral. It affects 1 in 10,000 children with a male to […]
Pulled Elbow or Subluxation of Radial Head in Children
Pulled elbow is the term for subluxation of the radial head that affects children younger than 6 years, typically occurring due to a quick pull on a child’s arm. It is also called nursemaid elbow or babysitter’s elbow. It is an easily treatable condition. The left arm is more commonly involved, presumably because most caretakers […]
Osteopetrosis or Marble Bone Disease
Osteopetrosis is also called stone bone or marble bone disease. It is also known by the name of Albers-Schönberg disease. It is an inherited disorder characterized by hard dense bones due to by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone leading to impairment of modeling and remodeling. Osteopetrosis is a rare disease. Autosomal dominant is […]
Cerebral Palsy Presentation and Management
Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders appearing in early childhood and caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms often include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There could also be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and […]
Developmental Dysplasia of Hip or Congenital Dislocation of Hip
Developmental dysplasia of hip refers to patients being born with dislocation or instability of the hip, which may then result in hip dysplasia. It means that there is an instability of the hip which results in changes in anatomical structures as the child grows. The structures that undergo dysplastic changes are the acetabulum and the […]
Posteromedial Tibial Bowing
Posteromedial tibial bowing is a type of tibial bowing is a congenital bowing of the tibia with the apex directed posteriorly and medially. The cause is mostly physiological and is often associated with a calcaneovalgus foot deformity. Two other types of tibial bowing are anteromedial bowing and anterolateral bowing. Anterolateral bowing occurs in neurofibromatosis and […]