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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

Pediatric

Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Deformity in seymour fracutre is due to different insertion levels of flexor and extensor tendons

The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation). It is a mallet finger type injury. It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common. […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb, Pediatric

Eight Plate System for Epiphysiodesis

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

eight plate fixation, taken form orthofix pdf

The Eight-figure plate or eight plate system or simply eight plate consists of the 2-holes plate and the 2 self-tapping screws and is used for control and correction of angular deformities like genu valgum or varus by a performing epiphysiodesis. Blount staples are the traditional most common implant used for hemiepiphysiodesis. This aims at stopping […]

Filed Under: Pediatric, Procedures

Back Pain in Children

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

back pain in children

Back pain in children, as compared to an adult is more likely to have a serious underlying disorder. Back pain in children is often due to organic causes, especially if it persists longer than two months. Up to 85% of children with back pain could have a detectable pathology. Therefore, a careful history and a […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Split Cord Malformation or Diastematomyelia

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

diastematomyelia MRI

Split cord malformation is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which a segment of the spinal cord is divided into two parts by a fibrous or rigid bony spur. It was previously known as diastematomyelia (diastema = a cleft, myelos = cord). Split cord malformation can involve any part of the spinal column and sometimes involve […]

Filed Under: Pediatric, Spine

Legg Calve Perthes Disease – Clinical Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

X-ray of Legg CalvePerthes Disease

Legg Calve Perthes disease is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area. Legg Calve Perthes disease usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years. Mean age is 7 years. Mostly, the disorder is unilateral. It affects 1 in 10,000 children with a male to […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Pulled Elbow or Subluxation of Radial Head in Children

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

pulled elbow

Pulled elbow is the term for subluxation of the radial head that affects children younger than 6 years, typically occurring due to a quick pull on a child’s arm. It is also called nursemaid elbow or babysitter’s elbow. It is an easily treatable condition. The left arm is more commonly involved, presumably because most caretakers […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Osteopetrosis or Marble Bone Disease

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

osteopetrosis of femur with fracture, Note the obliterated medullary cavity

Osteopetrosis is also called stone bone or marble bone disease. It is also known by the name of Albers-Schönberg disease. It is an inherited disorder characterized by hard dense bones due to by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone leading to impairment of modeling and remodeling. Osteopetrosis is a rare disease. Autosomal dominant is […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Cerebral Palsy Presentation and Management

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Cerebral palsy in child

Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders appearing in early childhood and caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms often include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There could also be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip or Congenital Dislocation of Hip

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Changes in dislocated hip

Developmental dysplasia of hip refers to patients being born with dislocation or instability of the hip, which may then result in hip dysplasia. It means that there is an instability of the hip which results in changes in anatomical structures as the child grows. The structures that undergo dysplastic changes are the acetabulum and the […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Posteromedial Tibial Bowing

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Posteromedial tibial bowing

Posteromedial tibial bowing is a type of tibial bowing is a congenital bowing of the tibia with the apex directed posteriorly and medially. The cause is mostly physiological and is often associated with a calcaneovalgus foot deformity. Two other types of tibial bowing are anteromedial bowing and anterolateral bowing. Anterolateral bowing occurs in neurofibromatosis and […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

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Hypotensive Anesthesia

What Is Hypotensive Anesthesia?

Hypotensive anesthesia is a  technique of lowering the blood pressure of a patient during surgery to decrease the amount of blood loss. The technique is most effective in orthopedic procedures but can be used in a wide range of surgeries. A 2-4 fold reduction in intraoperative blood loss occurs if mean arterial pressure is reduced […]

Comminuted Segmental Fracture of Humerus

Different Forces That Cause Fracture

Why should a fracture occur and what are types of forces that cause the fracture to occur. A fracture is a break in continuity of the bone. Bone is a very strong tissue which is composed of minerals, which provide rigidity, and collagen, which provides tensile strength. A fracture is caused by a force acting […]

tension band principle plating

Tension Band Principle and Its Applications

Tension band principle was given by Pauwel. Tension band converts tensile forces to compression forces on the convex side of an eccentrically loaded bone. This is accomplished by placing a tension band (bone plate or wire loops) across the fracture on the tension (or convex) side of the bone to convert tension forces into compressive […]

xray of cervical spine in extension

Flexion Extension Xrays of Cervical Spine

Flexion-extension x-rays of cervical spine are Dynamic motion studies of the neck.  These x-rays of the cervical spine are helpful in eliciting less than the obvious instability of the cervical spine and assessing the healing results of the cervical spine following trauma and other pathologies. Flexion-extension x-rays of the cervical spine are taken in different […]

Serratus anterior muscle paralysis causes winging of scapula

Serratus Anterior Paralysis [Long Thoracic Nerve Palsy]

Serratus anterior paralysis is a condition that characterized by pain, loss of shoulder movement and winging of scapula owing to damage or injury of the long thoracic nerve. This nerve evolves from the roots of neck vertebrae (C5-C7) and supplies to serratus anterior muscle that retains the scapula bone to the chest wall. Long thoracic […]

Swimmer's View - Both Arms Up Xray

What is Swimmer’s View Xray?

The swimmer’s view is an x-ray of the cervicothoracic junction that helps demonstrate the upper thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebrae. The swimmer’s view is an important view for evaluating the relationship of the cervicothoracic junction and upper thoracic vertebrae C7 through T3. Swimmer’s view x-ray is a difficult x-ray. Its positioning is difficult and […]

femur bone

Femur Anatomy and Attachments

The femur is also called the thigh bone and is the longest and strongest bone of the body. It is composed of an upper end, a lower end and a shaft. The upper and bears a rounded head, whereas the lower end is widely expanded to from two large condyles. The head is directed medially. The […]

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Types of Plaster Casts and Their Use

There are many types of plaster casts used in the treatment of fractures and other ailments. Here are the major types of casts. Types of  Plaster … [Read More...] about Types of Plaster Casts and Their Use

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