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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

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Pediatric

Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Deformity in seymour fracutre is due to different insertion levels of flexor and extensor tendons

The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation). It is a mallet finger type injury. It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common. […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb, Pediatric

Eight Plate System for Epiphysiodesis

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

eight plate fixation, taken form orthofix pdf

The Eight-figure plate or eight plate system or simply eight plate consists of the 2-holes plate and the 2 self-tapping screws and is used for control and correction of angular deformities like genu valgum or varus by a performing epiphysiodesis. Blount staples are the traditional most common implant used for hemiepiphysiodesis. This aims at stopping […]

Filed Under: Pediatric, Procedures

Back Pain in Children

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

back pain in children

Back pain in children, as compared to an adult is more likely to have a serious underlying disorder. Back pain in children is often due to organic causes, especially if it persists longer than two months. Up to 85% of children with back pain could have a detectable pathology. Therefore, a careful history and a […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Split Cord Malformation or Diastematomyelia

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

diastematomyelia MRI

Split cord malformation is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which a segment of the spinal cord is divided into two parts by a fibrous or rigid bony spur. It was previously known as diastematomyelia (diastema = a cleft, myelos = cord). Split cord malformation can involve any part of the spinal column and sometimes involve […]

Filed Under: Pediatric, Spine

Legg Calve Perthes Disease – Clinical Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

X-ray of Legg CalvePerthes Disease

Legg Calve Perthes disease is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area. Legg Calve Perthes disease usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years. Mean age is 7 years. Mostly, the disorder is unilateral. It affects 1 in 10,000 children with a male to […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Pulled Elbow or Subluxation of Radial Head in Children

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

pulled elbow

Pulled elbow is the term for subluxation of the radial head that affects children younger than 6 years, typically occurring due to a quick pull on a child’s arm. It is also called nursemaid elbow or babysitter’s elbow. It is an easily treatable condition. The left arm is more commonly involved, presumably because most caretakers […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Osteopetrosis or Marble Bone Disease

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

osteopetrosis of femur with fracture, Note the obliterated medullary cavity

Osteopetrosis is also called stone bone or marble bone disease. It is also known by the name of Albers-Schönberg disease. It is an inherited disorder characterized by hard dense bones due to by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone leading to impairment of modeling and remodeling. Osteopetrosis is a rare disease. Autosomal dominant is […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Cerebral Palsy Presentation and Management

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Cerebral palsy in child

Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders appearing in early childhood and caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms often include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There could also be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip or Congenital Dislocation of Hip

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Changes in dislocated hip

Developmental dysplasia of hip refers to patients being born with dislocation or instability of the hip, which may then result in hip dysplasia. It means that there is an instability of the hip which results in changes in anatomical structures as the child grows. The structures that undergo dysplastic changes are the acetabulum and the […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Posteromedial Tibial Bowing

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Posteromedial tibial bowing

Posteromedial tibial bowing is a type of tibial bowing is a congenital bowing of the tibia with the apex directed posteriorly and medially. The cause is mostly physiological and is often associated with a calcaneovalgus foot deformity. Two other types of tibial bowing are anteromedial bowing and anterolateral bowing. Anterolateral bowing occurs in neurofibromatosis and […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

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Flexor tendon pulley system of thumb

Flexor Tendon Pulley System of Hand

Flexor tendon pulley system consists of annular ligaments of the fingers or  A pulleys, and cruciate pulleys [C pulleys]. Flexor pulley system consists of following Palmar Aponeurosis pulley 5 Annular pulleys 3 Cruciform pulleys. Together, these form a fibro-osseous tunnel on the palmar aspect of the hand through which passes the deep and superficial flexor […]

Carpal Tunnel Diagram

Scaphoid Bone Anatomy

The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones of the wrist on the lateral side of the wrist. Carpal bones are arranged in two rows and scaphoid is most lateral of the proximal row. The carpus is made up of 8 carpal bones, which are arranged in two rows. Proximal row It contains (from […]

foods for healthy bones

Foods for Healthy Bones- Sources and Requirement

Doctor! What are foods for healthy bones? What should I eat so that I get strong bones and joints? I received this question in my mail recently. Actually, it is an often asked question. Not only this, some people are interested in superfoods for healthy bones. Well! Before we discuss the foods for healthy bones […]

Minerva Brace

Cervical Orthoses – Collars and Post Appliances

Cervical orthoses could be prefabricated or custom made. Prefabricated cervical orthoses are of two basic types: collars and post appliances. There are a lot of other custom made designs. Apart from serving a reminder to the wearer to restrict head and neck motions,  depending on design and fit, a particular orthosis  may impose forces to position the head, […]

Causes of shoulder impingement syndrome

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Shoulder impingement syndrome is said to occur when there is impingement of tendons of the rotator cuff and/or bursa in the shoulder in subacromial space [ from bones of the shoulder. Repeated impingement leads to irritation and inflammation of the structures irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the […]

C sign in tarsal coalition

Tarsal Coalition – Presentation and Treatment

Tarsal coalition is a congenital abnormality of the foot in which two or more of the tarsal bones are joined by bone, cartilage, or fibrous tissue. Tarsal bones in a normal foot are otherwise separate. More than half of the cases of the tarsal coalition are bilateral. Tarsal coalition belongs to the category of flatfoot […]

Ligaments of knee

Knee Anatomy and Significance

Knee anatomy involves the anatomy of the knee joint and surrounding structures. The knee joint consists of the lateral femorotibial , medial femorotibial , and femoropatellar joints. It is is the largest and most complex joint of the body. It is a compound synovial joint incorporating two condylar joints between the condyles of the femur […]

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