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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

Pediatric

Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Deformity in seymour fracutre is due to different insertion levels of flexor and extensor tendons

The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation). It is a mallet finger type injury. It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common. […]

Filed Under: Hand and Upper Limb, Pediatric

Eight Plate System for Epiphysiodesis

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

eight plate fixation, taken form orthofix pdf

The Eight-figure plate or eight plate system or simply eight plate consists of the 2-holes plate and the 2 self-tapping screws and is used for control and correction of angular deformities like genu valgum or varus by a performing epiphysiodesis. Blount staples are the traditional most common implant used for hemiepiphysiodesis. This aims at stopping […]

Filed Under: Pediatric, Procedures

Back Pain in Children

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

back pain in children

Back pain in children, as compared to an adult is more likely to have a serious underlying disorder. Back pain in children is often due to organic causes, especially if it persists longer than two months. Up to 85% of children with back pain could have a detectable pathology. Therefore, a careful history and a […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Split Cord Malformation or Diastematomyelia

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

diastematomyelia MRI

Split cord malformation is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which a segment of the spinal cord is divided into two parts by a fibrous or rigid bony spur. It was previously known as diastematomyelia (diastema = a cleft, myelos = cord). Split cord malformation can involve any part of the spinal column and sometimes involve […]

Filed Under: Pediatric, Spine

Legg Calve Perthes Disease – Clinical Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

X-ray of Legg CalvePerthes Disease

Legg Calve Perthes disease is an idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area. Legg Calve Perthes disease usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years. Mean age is 7 years. Mostly, the disorder is unilateral. It affects 1 in 10,000 children with a male to […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Pulled Elbow or Subluxation of Radial Head in Children

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

pulled elbow

Pulled elbow is the term for subluxation of the radial head that affects children younger than 6 years, typically occurring due to a quick pull on a child’s arm. It is also called nursemaid elbow or babysitter’s elbow. It is an easily treatable condition. The left arm is more commonly involved, presumably because most caretakers […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Osteopetrosis or Marble Bone Disease

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

osteopetrosis of femur with fracture, Note the obliterated medullary cavity

Osteopetrosis is also called stone bone or marble bone disease. It is also known by the name of Albers-Schönberg disease. It is an inherited disorder characterized by hard dense bones due to by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone leading to impairment of modeling and remodeling. Osteopetrosis is a rare disease. Autosomal dominant is […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Cerebral Palsy Presentation and Management

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Cerebral palsy in child

Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders appearing in early childhood and caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms often include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There could also be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip or Congenital Dislocation of Hip

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Changes in dislocated hip

Developmental dysplasia of hip refers to patients being born with dislocation or instability of the hip, which may then result in hip dysplasia. It means that there is an instability of the hip which results in changes in anatomical structures as the child grows. The structures that undergo dysplastic changes are the acetabulum and the […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

Posteromedial Tibial Bowing

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Posteromedial tibial bowing

Posteromedial tibial bowing is a type of tibial bowing is a congenital bowing of the tibia with the apex directed posteriorly and medially. The cause is mostly physiological and is often associated with a calcaneovalgus foot deformity. Two other types of tibial bowing are anteromedial bowing and anterolateral bowing. Anterolateral bowing occurs in neurofibromatosis and […]

Filed Under: Pediatric

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Grades of Symphalism

Symphalangism – Causes, Classification and Treatment

Symphalangism is a condition where there is congenital ankylosis [fusion] of the interphalangeal joints  of the phalanges of the hand or foot. The condition may involve metacarpophalangeal joints as well. The condition occurs because of the failure of the interphalangeal joint to differentiate during the development. Symphalangism leads to the functional impairment and unsightliness of […]

Volkmann Ischemic Contracture

Volkmann Ischemic Contracture Presentation and Treatment

Volkmann ischemic contracture or Volkmann contracture is a permanent shortening of forearm muscles which occur following injury and results in a claw-like deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist. Volkmann ischemic contracture is more common in children. A similar condition can occur in the foot. It was first described by Richard von Volkmann in 1875. […]

cervical myofascial pain

Cervical Myofascial Pain- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Cervical myofascial pain is a type of myofascial pain syndrome that originates from neck muscle and surrounding fascia which becomes tight or damaged. Cervical myofascial syndrome is characterized by Stiff neck with limited range of motion Tight painful neck muscles Pain that goes to surrounding parts like head or shoulder Trigger points- Sharp small knots […]

Deformity in seymour fracutre is due to different insertion levels of flexor and extensor tendons

Seymour Fracture – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

The Seymour fracture is a physeal fracture of the distal phalanx with associated nail bed injury. Often there is associated subluxation of the nail (ungual subluxation). It is a mallet finger type injury. It is estimated that 20-30% of phalangeal fractures involve the physis in children. Physeal injuries of the middle finger are most common. […]

Open mouth view xray

What Is Open Mouth View X-ray?

An open mouth view x-ray is a special view to visualize upper cervical spine problems especially C1 and C2 vertebrae. Routine anteroposterior cervical spine view shows the spine from  C3  segment and is usually less helpful in diagnosing acute injuries.  Open mouth view x-ray is not done routinely and is ordered when a problem is […]

Degrees of freedom Knee

Normal Biomechanics of Knee and Movements

Knee allows locomotion with minimum energy requirements from the muscles and stability for accommodating for different terrains. The knee joint has biomechanical roles in allowing gait by flexing and rotating and at the same time, provides stability during the activities of daily life. It shortens and extends lower limb as required and transmits forces across […]

Stress fracture of second metatarsal

Stress Fracture -Causes, Locations, Symptoms and Treatment

Stress fracture is a is caused by fatigue of the bone due to repeated stress on the bone over a period. In contrast to fractures occuring as a single event of force acting to cause breakage of the bone, stress fractures result from accumulated trauma. The bone over a period then fails and fracture results. […]

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