Iselin disease is osteochondrosis or epiphysitis of the base of the fifth metatarsal. It is also known as traction apophysitis or epiphysitis of the fifth metatarsal base. Hans Iselin, a German surgeon, described the condition. He described this in 1912 as occurring in young adolescents at the time of the appearance of the proximal epiphysis […]
Pediatric
Osteochondrosis- Types, Presentation and Treatment
Osteochondrosis is a self-limiting developmental derangement of normal bone growth, primarily involving the centers of ossification in the epiphysis. It usually begins in childhood as a degenerative or necrotic condition. By definition, osteochondrosis is an aseptic ischemic necrosis. In broad terms, osteochondroses are a group of unrelated lesions that mostly affect immature skeletons [children], and […]
Scheuermann Kyphosis or Scheuermann’s Disease or Juvenile Kyphosis
Scheuermann disease or Scheuermann kyphosis is a disorder of childhood that results in rounding of the upper back due to wedge wedge-shaped vertebrae, resulting in kyphosis. Patients have an increased kyphosis in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine with associated backache and localized changes in the vertebral bodies. The wedging should be more than 5 degrees […]
Dwarfism – Causes, Types and Management
Dwarfism implies short stature that usually results from slow or delayed growth caused by some medical or genetic condition. [Dwarfism is known to be caused by about 200 distinct medical conditions.] It is an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or under, as a result of a medical or genetic condition. The average height […]
Leri Weill Dyschondrosteosis
Leri Weill Dyschondrosteosis is a type of genetic disorder resulting in short stature. It typically causes the shortening of forearms and legs and Madelung deformity. Madelung deformity implies misalignment of radius and ulna in the wrist and is caused by a growth disturbance that retards the development of the ulnar and volar portions of the […]
Spina Bifida- Causes, Types and Management
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that leads to a congenital defect in the posterior bony wall of the spinal canal [vertebral arch] involving the laminae and spinal cord malformation. The condition has a spectrum of presentation that ranges from incidental finding on x-ray to stillbirth. Spina bifida is most commonly seen in the […]
Pediatric or Congenital Trigger Thumb
Congenital trigger thumb or pediatric trigger thumb as it is called now is a condition that results in abnormal flexion at the interphalangeal joint. That is why it also called flexion contracture of the thumb. It is a separate entity than the adult trigger thumb. This occurs due to thickening and constriction of fibrous tendon […]
Congenital Clasped Thumb
The congenital clasped thumb is a rare condition where the thumb is positioned in adduction and extreme flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joints. The term implies a spectrum of thumb anomalies that range from mild thumb extension limitation to severe abnormalities of the thenar muscles, web space, and soft tissues. The condition is […]
Symphalangism – Causes, Classification and Treatment
Symphalangism is a condition where there is congenital ankylosis [fusion] of the interphalangeal joints of the phalanges of the hand or foot. The condition may involve metacarpophalangeal joints as well. The condition occurs because of the failure of the interphalangeal joint to differentiate during the development. Symphalangism leads to the functional impairment and unsightliness of […]
Polydactyly or Supernumerary Digit – Presentation and Treatment
Polydactyly or supernumerary digit refers to the presence of means extra digits in the hand or foot. It is also called hyperdactyly. It is the most common congenital digital anomaly of the hand and foot. It may appear in isolation or in association with other birth defects and syndromes. The sporadic polydactyly is often autosomal […]