The term thumb hypoplasia refers to underdeveloped thumb. The degree of thumb underdevelopment may vary. Thus, thumb hypoplasia refers to a spectrum of thumb underdevelopment which ranges from working small thumb to rudimentary or absent. Before we move further let us differentiate between different often used terms. Malformation means there is an abnormal formation of […]
Pediatric
Triphalangeal Thumb Presentation, Types and Treatment
The triphalangeal thumb is a congenital hand anomaly where the thumb has three phalanges instead of two. The middle phalanx is the extra one. In the normal human hand, the thumb has two phalanges. It is believed to be first described by Columbo in 1559. The triphalangeal thumb with full-length normal second phalanx and without […]
Apert Syndrome Causes, Presentation and Treatment
First described as a syndrome by Apert in 1906 Apert syndrome primarily affects the head, hands, and feet and is characterized by fusion or synostosis [fusion] of the cranial sutures and varying degrees of complex syndactyly of the hands and feet. It is also called acrocephalosyndactyly, type 1 or ACS1. Apert syndrome is very rare, […]
Syndactyly Causes and Treatment
Syndactyly or webbed digits is a condition wherein two or more digits [[fingers in the hand or toes in the foot] ] are fused together. Syndactyly can involve part or whole of the fingers. The joined finger may be joined just at the skin or could involve bones too. The condition may occur in isolation […]
Ulnar Dimelia or Mirror Hand Syndrome
Ulnar dimelia is also called mirror hand syndrome. Ulnar dimelia is a congenital deformity where the radial ray, [the radius, scaphoid, trapezium, first metacarpal, and the phalanges of the thumb] are absent and there is a duplication of ulnar ray [una bone, carpal other than those in radial ray, metacarpal and phalanges of 2nd-5th finger]. […]
Congenital Dislocation of Radial Head
Congenital radial head dislocation is an unusual congenital dislocation in which there is dislocation of the radial head from its usual position. The direction of the displacement of the radial head may be anterior or posterior or lateral. Congenital radial head dislocation is a rare congenital abnormality of the elbow though statistically most common one. […]
Sprengel Deformity – Congenital High Scapula
Sprengel deformity is a congenital condition where the scapula is small and located higher than its normal position because of its failure to descend to its position. There could also be scapular winging and presence of omovertebral bone 30-50%]. Omovertebral bone is an anomalous bone connecting the elevated scapula to the cervical spine. It is […]
Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis Presentation and Treatment
In congenital radioulnar synostosis, there is congenital fusion of the proximal ends of the radius and ulna [a bony bridge between the proximal radius and ulna]. This results in the fixation of the forearm in varying degrees of pronation. That means the upper end of both the bones, radius, and ulna are fused, making it […]
Congenital Pseudoarthrosis Of Clavicle
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of clavicle is the congenital failure of the fusion of the medial and lateral ossification centers of the clavicle. It is a rare anomaly and was first described by Saint-Pierre reported congenital failure of clavicle formation. The condition leads to a painless mass over the clavicle. The pseudoarthrosis is usually seen on the […]
Klippel Feil Syndrome – Presentation and Treatment
The Klippel Feil syndrome is a rare malformation in which there is a congenital fusion of two or more cervical and clinically characterized by shortening of the neck, neck stiffness, and low posterior hairline. Klippel Feil syndrome may also be accompanied by abnormalities of the genitourinary, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems. It is also called as […]