Procedures

Surgery in spinal tuberculosis is considered in the patients where the disease is not responding to the drug treatment, rest and other conservative measures. The aims of treatment of tuberculosis of the spine are: Control and cure of the existing ac­tive systemic and local infection and prevent its further spread. Achieving the stability of the […]

Surgical approaches to the tibia are named according to the site of incision and the region accessed Anterolateral Approach to Tibia Indications This incision is the classical incision for plating of tibia or open reduction of tibial fractures. The entire tibia from knee to ankle may be exposed through this incision. It mobilizes the muscles […]

Radiation therapy is a form of cancer treatment which uses high-energy radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, and charged particles to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. The radiation may be delivered by an external machine external-beam radiation therapy or by material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy, also called brachytherapy). […]

Pelvic osteotomies are done to stabilize the hip and prevent early osteoarthritis in cases of acetabular dysplasia [Altered congruency of the acetabulum resulting from its maldevelopment]. The acetabulum is the large cup-shaped cavity on the anterolateral aspect of the pelvis that articulates with the femoral head to form the hip joint. Persistent acetabular dysplasia can lead […]

Proximal femoral osteotomy is a joint-sparing procedure that relies on maintaining the biologic integrity of the femoral head. Once common for hip dysplasia and arthritis of the hip, proximal femoral osteotomies are performed less commonly now. But they are still used in the treatment of hip fracture nonunions and malunions and in cases of congenital […]

An osteotomy is a surgical procedure where the bone is cut to change its length or alignment. Often the procedure is done in an attempt to correct an abnormality that has resulted from trauma or disease. The procedure is able to correct the following deformities. valgus/varus angulation anterior/posterior angulation internal/external rotation lengthening/shortening medial/lateral shift dorsal/ventral […]

Knee arthrocentesis refers to puncture of the knee joint and the aspiration of its synovial fluid. It is used for synovial fluid analysis to aid in diagnosis and also for therapeutic purposes. Knee joint can be approached by multiple approaches [discussed below] Indications of Knee Arthrocentesis Diagnosis Acute monoarticular [that affects a single joint] arthritis […]

Shoulder arthrocentesis is the procedure of aspirating joint fluid from shoulder joint and like other arthrocentesis can have a diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. Shoulder joint or the glenohumeral joint can be approached anteriorly or by a posterior approach. The posterior approach allows the patient to be blinded from the procedure, and it mimics the approach used […]

Wrist arthrocentesis is the procedure of aspirating fluid from wrist joint and is used for diagnosis and therapy of various pathologies of the wrist. The wrist joint is anatomically complex and can be approached from any side but the dorsal approach is the preferred site for wrist arthrocentesis. Relevant Anatomy of Wrist Joint Indications of […]