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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

Procedures

Pelvic osteotomies – Indications and Types

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

salter pelvic osteotomy

Pelvic osteotomies are done to stabilize the hip and prevent early osteoarthritis in cases of acetabular dysplasia [Altered congruency of the acetabulum resulting from its maldevelopment]. The acetabulum is the large cup-shaped cavity on the anterolateral aspect of the pelvis that articulates with the femoral head to form the hip joint. Persistent acetabular dysplasia can lead […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Proximal femoral Osteotomy

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Shanz proximal femoral osteotomy

Proximal femoral osteotomy is a joint-sparing procedure that relies on maintaining the biologic integrity of the femoral head. Once common for hip dysplasia and arthritis of the hip, proximal femoral osteotomies are performed less commonly now. But they are still used in the treatment of hip fracture nonunions and malunions and in cases of congenital […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Osteotomy Procedure and Indications

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Wedge Osteotomy

An osteotomy is a surgical procedure where the bone is cut to change its length or alignment. Often the procedure is done in an attempt to correct an abnormality that has resulted from trauma or disease. The procedure is able to correct the following deformities. valgus/varus angulation anterior/posterior angulation internal/external rotation lengthening/shortening medial/lateral shift dorsal/ventral […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Knee Arthrocentesis or Knee Joint Aspiration

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Knee Joint Aspiration or knee arthrocentesis

Knee arthrocentesis refers to puncture of the knee joint and the aspiration of its synovial fluid. It is used for synovial fluid analysis to aid in diagnosis and also for therapeutic purposes. Knee joint can be approached by multiple approaches [discussed below] Indications of Knee Arthrocentesis Diagnosis Acute monoarticular [that affects a single joint] arthritis […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Shoulder Arthrocentesis Indications and Procedure

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Posterior approach for shoulder arthrocentesis

Shoulder arthrocentesis is the procedure of aspirating joint fluid from shoulder joint and like other arthrocentesis can have a diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. Shoulder joint or the glenohumeral joint can be approached anteriorly or by a posterior approach. The posterior approach allows the patient to be blinded from the procedure, and it mimics the approach used […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Wrist Arthrocentesis – Indications and Procedure

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

wrist arthrocentesis

Wrist arthrocentesis is the procedure of aspirating fluid from wrist joint and is used for diagnosis and therapy of various pathologies of the wrist. The wrist joint is anatomically complex and can be approached from any side but the dorsal approach is the preferred site for wrist arthrocentesis. Relevant Anatomy of Wrist Joint Indications of […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Ankle Arthrocentesis or Ankle Joint Aspiration

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

ankle arthrocentesis sites

Ankle arthrocentesis like other joint aspirations could be diagnostic or therapeutic. A good knowledge of ankle joint helps to perform the arthrocentesis more efficiently and safely. Relevant Anatomy of Ankle Joint The ankle joint is a hinged synovial joint formed by talar bone, tibia, and fibula. Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion are the main movements of […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Elbow Arthrocentesis or Elbow Joint Aspiration

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Elbow arthrocentesis indications and procedure

Elbow arthrocentesis refers to puncture of the elbow joint and the aspiration of its synovial fluid. It is used for synovial fluid analysis to aid in diagnosis and also for therapeutic purposes. Analysis of the removed fluid helps to reach at its etiology. Anatomy of Elbow Joint Elbow region is the connecting region between arm […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Synovial Fluid Analysis and Interpretation

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Synovial fluid analysis

Synovial fluid analysis is often done to aid in the diagnosis of joint inflammation, pain, swelling, and/or fluid accumulation. It is withdrawn from the joint by a procedure called arthrocentesis. What is Synovial Fluid? The synovial fluid or joint fluid is present in all joints or diarthroses. The articular surfaces of the synovial joints are […]

Filed Under: Procedures

Joint Aspiration or Arthrocentesis

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Anterior approach for shoulder arthrocentesis

Joint aspiration or arthrocentesis is the procedure by which joint fluid is withdrawn using a needle. The fluid withdrawn is used in diagnostic tests. Arthrocentesis could also be used for therapeutic purposes. Analysis of the joint fluid can enable the physician to differentiate between various joint pathologies. Joint aspiration is a quick, inexpensive procedure and […]

Filed Under: Procedures

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Xray and MRI of tuberculosis of knee joint. Multiple foci are shown with arrows.

Tuberculosis of Knee Joint – Diagnosis and Treatment

Tuberculosis of knee joint is third common osteoarticular tuberculosis after spine and hip. Knee tuberculosis or commonly called TB knee accounts for nearly 10 percent of all skeletal tuberculosis. Relevant Anatomy of Knee Joint The knee joint is the largest joint in the body. It is a superficial joint and because of its large size […]

Lenke classification system for scoliosis

Lenke Classification System for Scoliosis

Lenke classification is a comprehensive radiographic classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis named after Dr Lawrence Lenke who was instrumental in devising it. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common types of scoliosis encountered. Though originally intended to be include factors in 3 planes, it eventually included two saggital and coronal plane. The classification was published […]

Lumbar Spondylosis

Lumbar Spondylosis – Causes, Presentation and Treatment

Lumbar spondylosis is a type of spondylosis that occurs in the lumbar spine. Lumbar spondylosis as a term refers to degenerative conditions affecting the discs, vertebral bodies, and/or associated joints of the lumbar spine. Spondylosis deformans and lumbar osteoarthritis are other names of lumbar spondylosis. Lumbar spondylosis includes many associated pathologies including spinal stenosis, degenerative […]

Osteochondritis Dissecans Knee

Osteochondritis Dissecans – Symptoms & Treatment

Osteochondritis dissecans is a condition in which a segment of articular cartilage with its underlying subchondral bone gradually separates from the surrounding osteocartilaginous tissue. The separation of the fragment may be partial or complete. The osteochondral segment may remain in situ, it may become partially detached, or it may become completely detached and lodge in […]

osteopetrosis of femur with fracture, Note the obliterated medullary cavity

Osteopetrosis or Marble Bone Disease

Osteopetrosis is also called stone bone or marble bone disease. It is also known by the name of Albers-Schönberg disease. It is an inherited disorder characterized by hard dense bones due to by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone leading to impairment of modeling and remodeling. Osteopetrosis is a rare disease. Autosomal dominant is […]

salter pelvic osteotomy

Pelvic osteotomies – Indications and Types

Pelvic osteotomies are done to stabilize the hip and prevent early osteoarthritis in cases of acetabular dysplasia [Altered congruency of the acetabulum resulting from its maldevelopment]. The acetabulum is the large cup-shaped cavity on the anterolateral aspect of the pelvis that articulates with the femoral head to form the hip joint. Persistent acetabular dysplasia can lead […]

Evidence based orthopedics

What is Evidence Based Orthopedics?

Evidence-based orthopedics is the application of principles of evidence-based medicine to the field of orthopedics. Because each of the medical specialty has its own set of challenges and unique applications, therefore, while the core principles remain the same, the methods and the applications must meet the need of each. What is Evidence-Based Medicine and What […]

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Septic Arthritis or Infectious Arthritis

Septic arthritis is a term used when the joint space is infected with microorganisms which can be bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria, and fungi. Septic … [Read More...] about Septic Arthritis or Infectious Arthritis

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