Spine

Normal Cervical Spine Xray

Normal Cervical Spine X-ray The cervical spine is the part of the spine that is present in the neck region. It is formed by first 7 vertebrae of the spine numbered from C1 to C7. The spine begins with C1 vertebra which is also called Atlas. Next vertebra is Axis. Seventh cervical vertebra or C7 is […]

Thoracic Spine Anatomy

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

The thoracic spine is also called the dorsal spine and is constituted by the next 12 vertebrae after the cervical spine. These vertebrae are named T1 to T12 (or D1 to D12) from above downwards. If you palpate back of the neck from above downwards in the midline, you would come across a sudden projection […]

Spine Anatomy- Vertebral Column and Other Structures

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Spine anatomy can be understood by dividing the spine into bony and soft tissue components. Spine can be divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. There are anatomical variations both in skeletal and nonskeletal components in all these regions. Spinal cord and the nerves coming out of spine are the neural tissue contained […]

Spinal Cord Injury Presentation and Treatment

Spinal cord injury is a term used for the spectrum of insults to the spinal cord which results in either temporary or permanent loss of function of the affected area of the cord. Spinal cord works to relay motor and sensory signals to the peripheral organs. Therefore the function affected are sensation, proprioception, the activity […]

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Iliotibial band syndrome is also called iliotibial friction syndrome is a common cause of lateral knee pain among runners, cyclists and military personnel though it can be observed in other athletes as well. It is considered an overuse syndrome as it is typically is observed in people who exercise vigorously. The incidence of iliotibial band […]

Spina Bifida- Causes, Types and Management

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that leads to a congenital defect in the posterior bony wall of the spinal canal [vertebral arch] involving the laminae and spinal cord malformation. The condition has a spectrum of presentation that ranges from incidental finding on x-ray to stillbirth. Spina bifida is most commonly seen in the […]

Enneking Staging System and TGNM Staging System for Musculoskeletal Tumors

Enneking Staging System and TGNM staging system are two main staging systems used for staging for benign and malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system Many factors are involved in choosing the proper therapy for the patients. They include the stage of the disease, the expected functional result after surgery, the age of the patient, the […]

Klumpke Palsy – Cause, Presentation and Treatment

Klumpke palsy is a form of paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand, resulting from a brachial plexus to the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves are injured either before or after they have joined to form the lower trunk. Klumpke palsy usually occurs following a stretching injury from a difficult vaginal delivery. […]

Degenerative Disc Disease – Symptoms and Treatment

Degenerative disc disease is one of the most common causes of low back pain and neck pain. Degenerative disc disease describes the symptoms of pain and possibly radiating weakness or numbness stemming from a degenerated disc in the spine. The process is also termed as degenerative disc disorder. Degenerative disc disease can greatly affect the […]

Interfragmentary Screw or Lag Screw Fixation

Interfragmentary screw or lag screw is used in fixation of spiral or oblique fractures of the shaft of a bone. Interfragmentary screw or lag screw is used as an adjunct to plating and often as initial fixation holder so as to the safe and secure application of a plate in a neutral mode in the […]

Spine

Normal Cervical Spine Xray

Thoracic Spine Anatomy

Spine Anatomy- Vertebral Column and Other Structures

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