Spine

Spine Anatomy- Vertebral Column and Other Structures

Spine anatomy can be understood by dividing the spine into bony and soft tissue components. Spine can be divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. There are anatomical variations both in skeletal and nonskeletal components in all these regions. Spinal cord and the nerves coming out of spine are the neural tissue contained […]

Popliteal Fossa Anatomy and Contents

The popliteal fossa [sometimes called knee pit] is a diamond-shaped depression lying behind the knee joint, covering the lower part of the femur, and the upper part of the tibia. Boundaries of Popliteal Fossa It becomes easier to understand the landmarks when we visualize looking at the fossa from behind. The boundaries or borders of […]

Bone Anatomy and Physiology

The adult human skeleton has a total of 206 bones, excluding the sesamoid bones. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones, axial skeleton 74 bones, and auditory ossicles six bones. [Read more about different bones and their classification] Each bone possesses a unique shape. But the bones across the body do possess similarities in terms of […]

Elbow Arthrocentesis or Elbow Joint Aspiration

Elbow arthrocentesis refers to puncture of the elbow joint and the aspiration of its synovial fluid. It is used for synovial fluid analysis to aid in diagnosis and also for therapeutic purposes. Analysis of the removed fluid helps to reach at its etiology. Anatomy of Elbow Joint Elbow region is the connecting region between arm […]

Neurogenic Claudication – Risks, Pathophysiology and Treatment

Neurogenic claudication, also called pseudoclaudication, is a common symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis due to causing impingement or inflammation of the spinal nerves Claudication refers to an impairment in walking or pain, discomfort, numbness, or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest. The word claudication comes from the Latin claudicare meaning ‘to limp’. Thus, it is […]

Fractures in Elderly – Causes and Prevention

Geriatric fractures or fractures in elderly people is a special category of fractures in adults. These fracture demand a special category because of the unique problems that elderlies have. With age the bones lose their mineral content and become weak, a situation called osteoporosis. Not only this, there are many medical conditions in the old […]

Constant Murley Score for Shoulder

Constant-Murley Score [Also known as Constant Score or Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome Score] is used for assessing the outcomes of the treatment of shoulder disorders. It is the recommended scoring system of the European Society of Shoulder & Elbow Surgery. First published in 1987, it offers the benefits of including Pain score Functional assessment Range of […]

Pellegrini Stieda Syndrome

Pellegrini Stieda syndrome is the presence of pain and limitations of movement of the knee in the patient with a previous injury to the medial collateral ligament of knee, due to ossification of the femoral attachment. The calcified lesion is known as Pellegrini Stieda lesion or sign. Most of the cases of Pellegrini Stieda lesions […]

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Spine Anatomy- Vertebral Column and Other Structures

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