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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

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Spine

Congenital Scoliosis – Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Congenital scoliosis types

Congenital scoliosis is the curvature due to the imbalance of growth of the spine caused by the presence of vertebral defects. Congenital scoliosis is the most frequent congenital deformity of the spine, the two others being congenital kyphosis and congenital lordosis. The prevalence of congenital scoliosis is estimated at 1-4%. Causes and Associations Most of […]

Filed Under: Spine

Atlantoaxial Instability Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

ADI and PADI in atlantoaxial instability

Atlantoaxial instability implies excessive movement between the first cervical vertebra or atlas, and second cervical vertebra or axis. Atlantoaxial joint is formed between these two vertebrae This joint is a kind of transition zone and the instability may occur because of bony or ligamentous instability. The instability can be asymptomatic or cause neck pain and […]

Filed Under: Spine

Lower Cervical Spine Injury or Injury to C3-C7 vertebrae

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Flexion Type Teardrop Fracture of Cervical Spine

The term lower cervical spine injury refers to the Injury of the subaxial cervical spine or that is below axis. It includes injuries to C3-C7 vertebra and adjoining structures. Lower cervical spine injuries are very common and are associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. The cervical spine can get injured during motor vehicle accidents or […]

Filed Under: Spine

Allen Classification of Cervical Spine Injury

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Main groups of Allen classification of subaxal spine injuries

Allen classification of cervical injury is also called mechanistic classification and was given by  Allen and associates in 1982. The translation of kinetic energy into fractures and dislocations is determined by two independent variables Injury vector Posture of the cervical spine at the time of accident Allen et al presumed that identical segmental failures could […]

Filed Under: Spine

Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System or SLICS

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

mri-c5-c6-dislocation

The Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification (SLIC) system is a classification system for subaxial cervical spine injury. This is one of the recommended classification systems for lower cervical injury. Not only it helps to determine the injury pattern and its severity but also it guides the treatment considerations and prognosis. The classification is similar to TLICS […]

Filed Under: Spine

Spinal Cord Stimulation- Concept and Use

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Spinal cord stimulation or neurostimulati is a pain-relief technique that works by masking the pain signals before they reach the brain by delivering a low-voltage electrical current, by a surgically implanted device, to the spinal cord. The spinal cord stimulation device is the most commonly used implantable neurostimulation technology for management of chronic pain. They […]

Filed Under: Spine

TLICS- Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Broken implant in spine injury, for TLICS

Thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score or TLICS  is a scoring system for thoracolumbar fractures which classifies and provides guidance to the treatment as well. TLICS is based on three major categories Morphology of the injury Integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex Neurologic status of the patient. Denis classification of spinal injuries which is based […]

Filed Under: Spine

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Relations of lower lumbosacral plexus or sacral plexus

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy is a condition where proximal neuropathy occurs in nerves and often involves roots of lumbosacral plexus. It is also called lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy. It is said to involve about 0.1% of diabetic and is seen more commonly in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic lumbosacral plexopathy results in pain, weakness of proximal muscles leading […]

Filed Under: Spine

Deltoid Fibrosis or Deltoid Contracture

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Image of Deltoid Fibrosis

Deltoid fibrosis is a condition where intramuscular fibrous bands within lead to contractures and stiffness of the shoulder joint. Deltoid fibrosis is part of the fibrotic conditions affecting both upper and lower limbs affecting a variable number of limbs. It is seen in people of all ages, but it has been reported primarily in children. […]

Filed Under: Spine

Brachial Plexopathy – Causes, Symtptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Anatomy of Brachial Plexus

Brachial plexopathy is an affection of brachial plexus. Plexopathy refers to a disorder affecting nerves, blood or lymph vessels in the regions of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus, the two major plexus in the body. The symptoms of plexopathy include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits. It should be kept in the mind that the […]

Filed Under: Spine

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bunion and hallux valgus

Bunion [Hallux Valgus]- Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Bunion is a bony bump, often painful, enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint). Bunion is a foot deformity, usually associated with hallux valgus [hallux refers to the great toe, “valgus” refers to the abnormal angulation of the great toe], a deformity of the toe […]

Different Bone Cells - Origin and Fate

Bone Cells – Types and Function

A cell is a basic building unit of any tissue or organ. Bone cells constitute bone tissue which are arranged to form the structure we see outwardly. Following types of bone cells are found in the bone. Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Osteocytes Lining cells Different types of bone cells are programmed for kinds of functions. Osteoclasts The […]

Posteromedial tibial bowing

Posteromedial Tibial Bowing

Posteromedial tibial bowing is a type of tibial bowing is a congenital bowing of the tibia with the apex directed posteriorly and medially. The cause is mostly physiological and is often associated with a calcaneovalgus foot deformity. Two other types of tibial bowing are anteromedial bowing and anterolateral bowing. Anterolateral bowing occurs in neurofibromatosis and […]

a diagram of spine

Spine Anatomy- Vertebral Column and Other Structures

Spine anatomy can be understood by dividing the spine into bony and soft tissue components. Spine can be divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. There are anatomical variations both in skeletal and nonskeletal components in all these regions. Spinal cord and the nerves coming out of spine are the neural tissue contained […]

Improve wellness to reduce orthopedic ailments

Improve Wellness to Prevent Orthopedic Ailments

We all strive to improve wellness and health but often keep postponing it. Today, we would look at the things we need to do to improve wellness and its impact on the reduction of orthopedic ailments. Orthopedics is a branch that deals in bones and joint disorders. This includes injuries, congenital malformation, wear and tear […]

Schartzker classification of Tibial Plateau

Tibial Plateau Fractures

Tibial plateau fractures signify periarticular fractures of the proximal tibia frequently associated with soft tissue injuries. These fractures, being in load-bearing area affect knee alignment, stability, and motion. Appropriate treatment of these fractures is critical to minimize disability and reducing the risk of complications like posttraumatic arthritis. Most of these injuries are the motor vehicle–related […]

Muscles of Shoulder on anterior side

Muscles of Shoulder Region

The human shoulder is made up of three bones Clavicle or collarbone Scapula Humerus Glenohumeral joint and acromioclavicular joints are the main joints of the shoulder region. The joints are stabilized by muscles, ligaments and tendons. The shoulder joint is a very mobile joint to allow for a wide range of actions such as lifting, pushing and […]

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