Spine

Congenital scoliosis is the curvature due to the imbalance of growth of the spine caused by the presence of vertebral defects. Congenital scoliosis is the most frequent congenital deformity of the spine, the two others being congenital kyphosis and congenital lordosis. The prevalence of congenital scoliosis is estimated at 1-4%. Causes and Associations Most of […]

Atlantoaxial instability implies excessive movement between the first cervical vertebra or atlas, and second cervical vertebra or axis. Atlantoaxial joint is formed between these two vertebrae This joint is a kind of transition zone and the instability may occur because of bony or ligamentous instability. The instability can be asymptomatic or cause neck pain and […]

The term lower cervical spine injury refers to the Injury of the subaxial cervical spine or that is below axis. It includes injuries to C3-C7 vertebra and adjoining structures. Lower cervical spine injuries are very common and are associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. The cervical spine can get injured during motor vehicle accidents or […]

Allen classification of cervical injury is also called mechanistic classification and was given by  Allen and associates in 1982. The translation of kinetic energy into fractures and dislocations is determined by two independent variables Injury vector Posture of the cervical spine at the time of accident Allen et al presumed that identical segmental failures could […]

The Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification (SLIC) system is a classification system for subaxial cervical spine injury. This is one of the recommended classification systems for lower cervical injury. Not only it helps to determine the injury pattern and its severity but also it guides the treatment considerations and prognosis. The classification is similar to TLICS […]

Spinal cord stimulation or neurostimulati is a pain-relief technique that works by masking the pain signals before they reach the brain by delivering a low-voltage electrical current, by a surgically implanted device, to the spinal cord. The spinal cord stimulation device is the most commonly used implantable neurostimulation technology for management of chronic pain. They […]

Thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score or TLICS  is a scoring system for thoracolumbar fractures which classifies and provides guidance to the treatment as well. TLICS is based on three major categories Morphology of the injury Integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex Neurologic status of the patient. Denis classification of spinal injuries which is based […]

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy is a condition where proximal neuropathy occurs in nerves and often involves roots of lumbosacral plexus. It is also called lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy. It is said to involve about 0.1% of diabetic and is seen more commonly in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic lumbosacral plexopathy results in pain, weakness of proximal muscles leading […]

Deltoid fibrosis is a condition where intramuscular fibrous bands within lead to contractures and stiffness of the shoulder joint. Deltoid fibrosis is part of the fibrotic conditions affecting both upper and lower limbs affecting a variable number of limbs. It is seen in people of all ages, but it has been reported primarily in children. […]

Brachial plexopathy is an affection of brachial plexus. Plexopathy refers to a disorder affecting nerves, blood or lymph vessels in the regions of the brachial or lumbosacral plexus, the two major plexus in the body. The symptoms of plexopathy include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits. It should be kept in the mind that the […]