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Bone and Spine

Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment

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Spine

Lumbosacral Plexopathy – Causes and Management

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Lumbar plexus details, PD wiki

Lumbosacral plexopathy is an injury to the nerves in the lumbar or sacral plexus. Lumbosacral plexopathy can be caused by many disorders. The prevalence of lumbosacral plexopathies is unknown and is much less common than brachial plexopathies. Risk factors vary based on cause. Relevant Anatomy The lumbar and sacral plexuses together make lumbosacral plexus which […]

Filed Under: Spine

Transitional Vertebra Definition and Types

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Transitional vertebra at any junction is characterized by features retained from two adjacent regions in the vertebral column. For example in the lumbosacral transitional vertebra, there is an L5 vertebra can become like S1 vertebra or S1 can leave the sacrum and become L6. As we know from our knowledge of the anatomy of the […]

Filed Under: Anatomy, Spine

Adjacent Segment Disease Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Cervical Spine Fusion - Adjacent segment disease is known complication

Adjacent Segment Disease is defined as new degenerative changes at a spinal level adjacent to a surgically treated level or levels in the spine, leading to symptoms of radiculopathy, myelopathy, or instability. It is denoted as ASDis This condition may or may not result in any symptoms. The term adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) is used […]

Filed Under: Spine

Neurogenic Claudication – Risks, Pathophysiology and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

neurogenic claudication

Neurogenic claudication, also called pseudoclaudication, is a common symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis due to causing impingement or inflammation of the spinal nerves Claudication refers to an impairment in walking or pain, discomfort, numbness, or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest. The word claudication comes from the Latin claudicare meaning ‘to limp’. Thus, it is […]

Filed Under: Spine

Spinal Stenosis – Causes, Types, Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Spinal Stenosis, Lumbar Canal - In public domain

Spinal stenosis indicates a pathological condition causing the compression of the contents of the canal, especially neural structures. The term stenosis means a narrowing of the caliber of an orifice or a tube. Spinal stenosis, therefore, defines a narrowing of the bone channel occupied by the spinal nerves or the spinal cord. This is usually […]

Filed Under: Spine

Bertolotti Syndrome – Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Bertolotti syndrome is caused by lumbosacral transitional vertebra.

Bertolotti syndrome is the presence of a variation of the fifth lumbar vertebra with a large transverse process, either articulated or fused with the sacral basis or iliac crest, producing a chronic, persistent lower back pain. It may also cause isolated L4/5 disc disease. Bertolotti described a unilateral and bilateral enlargement of the transverse process […]

Filed Under: Spine

Cervical Orthoses – Collars and Post Appliances

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Minerva Brace

Cervical orthoses could be prefabricated or custom made. Prefabricated cervical orthoses are of two basic types: collars and post appliances. There are a lot of other custom made designs. Apart from serving a reminder to the wearer to restrict head and neck motions,  depending on design and fit, a particular orthosis  may impose forces to position the head, […]

Filed Under: Spine

What is Spinal Tumor Syndrome?

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Types of lesion in tuberculosis of spine

Spinal tumor syndrome is not a condition in itself. It is a clinical label for the patient’s condition with many differentials in the offering. Most often, the term is used in cases of spine tuberculosis where there is no apparent osseous lesion. To understand spinal tumor syndrome one must first know about the typical presentation […]

Filed Under: Infections, Spine

Backpacks and Back Pain- Tips to Use Backpacks in Children?

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Do backpacks cause back pain children

Back pain in children is not that common and often may be associated with underlying disorders. However, recent evidence has suggested backpacks in school-going children to be a cause of back pain. Yes! backpacks and back pain could be related. The school going does involve carrying backpacks filled with books and materials and is continuing […]

Filed Under: Spine

Pyogenic Vertebral osteomyelitis Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

vertebral osteomyelitis image

Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis is a type of spinal infection which may result from direct trauma, the spread of infection from adjacent structures or hematogenous spread from the distant focus of infection. It can have devastating complications if untreated which could be a pathological fracture, epidural infection, and compression of the neural structures. Vertebral osteomyelitis is […]

Filed Under: Infections, Spine

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Ulnar gutter splint

Ulnar Gutter Splint Application Procedure

An ulnar gutter splint extends from the proximal forearm to distal interphalangeal joints of fingers on the ulnar aspect of fingers wrist and forearm and is applied for various injuries of the ulnar aspect of the wrist and hand. It is also called Boxer splint. The splint is applied on the ulnar aspect and conforms to […]

Cerebral palsy in child

Cerebral Palsy Presentation and Management

Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent movement disorders appearing in early childhood and caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms often include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There could also be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and […]

Xray of Kohler Disease showing flattening of navicular bone

Kohler Disease or Navicular Osteochondrosis

Kohler disease is osteochondrosis of the navicular bone, first described by Kohler in 1908. In this condition also called navicular osteochondrosis, there is avascular necrosis navicular bone. Alban Kohler was a German radiologist who first described this condition. Exact occurrence of Kohler disease is not known. The disorder is more frequent in children aged 5-10 […]

Danis Weber Classification of Malleolar Fractures

Malleolar Fractures of Ankle- Bimalleolar Fractures, Trimalleolar Fractures and Other Injuries

Malleolar fractures are types of ankle injuries which include fractures malleolar regions of tibia and fibula [medial and posterior malleoli arise from the tibia, distal end of the fibula is called lateral malleolus]  and/or associated ligaments. They are intraarticular injuries because the malleoli form part of the ankle joint. These fractures are frequently associated with […]

Coxa vara and coxa vlaga

Coxa Vara Causes and Treatment

Coxa vara describes a deformity of the hip where the angle formed between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft is decreased, usually defined as less than 120 degrees. This angle is also known as Mikulicz angle. It can be congenital or acquired. The common mechanism in congenital cases is a failure of medial growth […]

musculoskeletal tuberculosis or skeletal tuberculosis

Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis – Symptoms and Treatment

Musculoskeletal tuberculosis refers to tuberculosis involvement of the bones and/or joints. Musculoskeletal tuberculosis forms around 1-4%  of all cases of tuberculosis. It is quite an old disease. Spine tuberculosis has been identified in Egyptian mummies dating back 9000 years. The first notable description was made by Sir Percivall Pott who described tuberculous spondylitis in 1779. […]

Fractures in Elderly Require Special Cosideration

Fractures in Elderly – Causes and Prevention

Geriatric fractures or fractures in elderly people is a special category of fractures in adults. These fracture demand a special category because of the unique problems that elderlies have. With age the bones lose their mineral content and become weak, a situation called osteoporosis. Not only this, there are many medical conditions in the old […]

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